Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO1339 - Cell > Techniques in Cell Biology > Flashcards

Techniques in Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of microscopes?

A
  • Light microscopy

- Electron microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a light microscope?

A

Uses physical light to visualise sample

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an electron microscope?

A

Uses electrons due to electrons being more sensitive to air molecules which the reactive with immediately when hit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is optical resolution limit?

A

Minimum distance that allows recognition of object details

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does optical resolution depend on?

A

Wavelength of the light/beam used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Is you have a smaller wave length is the resolution better or worse?

A

Better

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is you have a larger wave length is the resolution better or worse?

A

Worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What microscope uses a visible light?

A

Light microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What microscope uses an electron beam?

A

Electron microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the wavelength of the visible light in light microscopy?

A

390-700 nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the wavelength of the electron beam in electron microscopy?

A

0.0025nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is used to focus light in light microscopy?

A

Glass lenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is used to focus the beam in electron microscopy?

A

Electromagnetic lenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the resolution limit of the light microscopy?

A

200nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the resolution limit of electron microscopy?

A

0.05nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the advantage of light microscopy?

A

Cell is alive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the disadvantage of light microscopy?

A

Low resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the advantage of electron microscopy?

A

High resolution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the disadvantage of electron microscopy?

A

Cell is dead

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why is the cell dead in electron microscopy?

A

Due to vacuum conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why is an electron microscopy used?

A

Used for structure and organisation of cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Why is a light microscopy used?

A

Used to understand how structure move around

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the different types of electron microscopy?

A
  • Scanning electron microscopy

- Transmission electron microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is scanning electron microscopy?

A

Scanning over the surface with electron beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is transmission electron microscopy?

A

Goes through the specimen with electron beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Which type of electron microscopy gives 2D images?

A

Transmission electron microscopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which type of electron microscopy gives 3D images?

A

Scanning electron microscopy

28
Q

What do advanced electron microscopy make use of?

A

-Make use of resolution limit of microscopy

29
Q

What do advanced electron microscopy allow us to do?

A
  • Single molecular analysis
  • Analysis of membrane topology using freeze fracture electron microscopy
  • Reconstruction of ultra-structures
30
Q

What do animated movies enhance our understanding of?

A

Ultrastructure of the cell

31
Q

What is ultrastructure of a cell?

A

3D reconstruction of serial electron microscopy images

32
Q

What understanding does life cell imaging provide?

A

New dimension of the cell

33
Q

How can you have life cell imaging?

A
  • Video-enhances light microscopy

- Fluorescent light microscopy

34
Q

What is structural analysis?

A

X-ray structure analysis electron cryo-microscopy giving detached structural image

35
Q

What is protein-protein interaction study?

A

Shows dynamic interaction

36
Q

What is microarray technology expression profiling?

A

Gives global approach

37
Q

In what ways can we study and understand a molecule?

A
  • Structural analysis
  • Protein-protein interaction study
  • Microarray technology expression profiling
38
Q

What is fluorescence?

A

The emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light

39
Q

Out of emission and excitation which has a higher wavelength?

A

Emission

40
Q

What occurs to energy in relation to light when emission at a higher wavelength than excitation?

A

Energy gets lost before light is emitted

41
Q

What is excitation?

A

Light used to excite the electron in probe

42
Q

What does fluorescent microscopy do?

A

excites specimen and collect emission light

43
Q

What do different fluorescent proteins have?

A

Different excitation and emission spectra

44
Q

What are excitation and detection dependent on?

A

Used filters

45
Q

What do fluorescent microscopy allow us to do?

A
  • Visualise a single molecule

- Multiple proteins can be analysed at once

46
Q

Describe the process of fluorescent microscopy?

A
  • Excitation filter allows broad spectrum light down the objective
  • Excites the dye
  • Dichroic mirror = mirrors excitation light down the objective
  • Probe in spectrum gets excited (electrons fall back to ground state)
  • Sends out a higher wavelength back through objective and through mirror
  • Goes through emissions filter to be detected by detector
47
Q

Who got the noble prize in 2008 in chemistry?

A

Drs. Roger Tsien, Osamu Shimomura and Martin Chalfie

48
Q

Why did Drs. Roger Tsien, Osamu Shimomura and Martin Chalfie get the Nobel prize?

A

Contributed to developing and expanding the use of fluorescent proteins in biological application

49
Q

Where is the green fluorescent protein from?

A

The jellyfish = Aequorea victoria

50
Q

What can GFP proteins be used for?

A

Reporter to analyse proteins in the living cell

51
Q

What did Chalfie discover?

A

GFP can be used to tag protein

52
Q

How does GFP act as a reporter to analyse proteins in living cells?

A
  • Excites blue

- Emissions green

53
Q

What does GFP allow us to do?

A

observe subcelluar and cellular dynamics in living cells

54
Q

What did Roger Tsien develop?

A

Palette of fluorescent proteins

55
Q

What does having a palette of fluorescent proteins allow us to do?

A

View multiple proteins at the same time

56
Q

What are the common photobleaching and photo activation techniques?

A
  • Fluorescent Recovery After Photobleaching (FRAP)
  • Fluorescent Loss in Photobleaching (FLIP)
  • Photoactivation
57
Q

What does FRAP reveal?

A

Differences in membrane fluidity and protein mobility

58
Q

What can be seen on a FRAP graph?

A

Intensity of fluorescence after bleaching increase but many not increase to full intensity again

59
Q

How does FRAP work?

A
  • High energy laser destroys ability of GFP to be excited and send out light
  • Area is dark
  • If structures move around then unbleached molecules will diffuse
  • If structures are not mobile then unbleached areas will not diffuse
60
Q

What does FLIP reveal?

A
  • Photobleach selected area that contains GFP

- GFP of neighbouring areas will go down if communication occurring

61
Q

What is photo activation?

A

Fluorescent proteins become visible after laser radiation

62
Q

What wavelength is fluorescent protein invisible and need activation at?

A

400nm

63
Q

What wavelength can fluorescent protein become detectable?

A

488nm

64
Q

How does photo activation work?

A
  • 400 nm laser light induces a chemical reaction
  • About 100-fold increase in fluorescence after photo-activation
  • Photoactivatable red fluorescent protein becomes available
65
Q

What does photactivation allow us to visualise?

A

Sub-population of signals provide detailed insight into motility behaviour

BIO1339 - Cell (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions