Technical Procedures Flashcards
Administering Drugs and Agents by Oral and Parenteral Routes
What are the enteral routes of administration?
In the food or water, by mouth, by oral gavage
What are the several routes of parenteral administration?
dermal/topical, inhalation, injections (intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intracardiac, intranasal)
What are the steps in performing gavage in rodents?
- measure appropriate length for insertion
- restrain animal - at corner of moth and last of rib
- use appropriate size gavage and insert
- confirm placement by putting end of tube in beaker of water
- if non-sedated, use an oral speculum to prevent biting of tube
What are the concerns related to whole body inhalation?
- more than 1 route of exposure
- grooming
- hard to determine actual dose given
What are the concerns related to nose-only exposure?
- stress associated with restraint (pre-expose animal to restraint)
- set-up time (takes more time than whole-body)
Why one might choose a luer-lock syringe over a standard syringe?
If inserted thicker fluid or into thicker tissue/skin, then it will be better to use a luer-lock syringe since the needle screws on and is more secure compared to the standard syringe with it is pushed/locked in.
If the needle is a lower number, this means that the diameter/gauge is blank.
larger
If the needle is a higher number, this means that the diameter/gauge is blank.
smaller
What are the standard needle ranges for rodents and rabbits?
rodents (23-27 gauge), rabbits (23 gauge)
Why is re-use of needles is discouraged?
It can result in trauma to the tissue, pain in the animal, contamination
Why are commercially manufactured (USP) drugs better than non-pharmaceutical grade agents?
Because they have been verified for purity, sterility, acid-base balance, and concentration. In addition, they have a longer storage life and they don’t have pyrogens which are bacterial toxins causing fever.
What are the maximum volumes you can inject intramuscular for rodents (6 animals)?
mouse (<0.05 ml); gerbi; & hamster (<0.1 ml); rat & guinea pig (<0.3 ml); rabbit (0.5 ml)
Where can you do a intramuscular injection?
thigh muscle of hind limbs; also epaxial muscle with parallel with spine for rabbits
What are the maximum volumes you can inject subcutaneously for rodents (mice and rats)?
mice (=< 1 ml); rats (=< 2ml)
Where can you do a subcutaneous injection?
over the back
What are the maximum volumes you can inject intraperitoneal for rodents (mice and rats)?
mice (=<1.5 ml); rats (=< 3 ml)
Where can you do a intraperitoneal injection?
ventral abdomen; near midline of upper portion of lower two quadrants
What are the maximum volumes you can inject intravenously for rodents (mice and rats)?
mice (=< 0.15 ml); rats (=< 1ml)
Where can you do a intravenous injection?
lateral tail veins of rats and mice; marginal ear vein of rabbits
