Sedation and Anesthesia in Companion Animals

Question 1

Define tranquilization

Answer 1

reduces anxiety and induces a sense of tranquility without drowsiness; do not provide pain relief

Question 2

Define Sedation

Answer 2

central depression accompanied by drowsiness; generally unaware of surroundings but responsive to noxious manipulation

Question 3

Define analgesia

Answer 3

reduction of pain in viscera or muscoskeletal system

Question 4

Why are pre-anesthetics used?

Answer 4

• Tranquilizers and sedatives can allow for less of the general anesthetic to be used
• may calm a pet excited by unfamiliar
  surroundings
• Pre-anesthetic sedation may also make recovery from anesthesia
  smoother

Question 5

what are the functions of sedatives?

Answer 5

it is used for minor procedures that do not require muscle relaxation

Question 6

what is the function of ET tubes?

Answer 6

• connect anesthesia machine to animal; allows to assiting or control breathing if necessary
• prevent inhalation of stomach contents into airway and lungs

Question 7

General anesthetics

what is the function of thiopental?

Answer 7

it is an induction agent bring animal unconscious; gas, rapid

Question 8

general anesthetics

what are the functions of ketamine and telazol?

Answer 8

injectable anesthetics used for restraint or short procedures

Question 9

general anesthetics

what are the functions of propofol?

Answer 9

• decreases cerebral blood flow
• significant respiratory depression
• no anaglesia

Question 10

general anesthetics

what are the functions of isoflurane?

Answer 10

an inhaled anesthetic agent used to induce and maintain general anesthesia during surgery or other medical procedures; pregnant animals and animals with heart problems

Question 11

what is dissociative anesthesia?

Answer 11

the animal is detached from the surroundings, but the pet’s eyes are open; refleces are generally present

ex: ketamin and telazol

Question 12

what to monitor in anesthetized animal?

Answer 12

• heart rate and rhythm
• blood flow
• the capillary refill time
• blood rpessure
• pulse oximter, CO2

Question 13

Local anesthatics

List two of them and define the characteristics.

Answer 13

• lidocaine - fast onset (10-15 min), last 1-2 hours, cats more sensitive to dogs
• bupivacaine - slow onset (20-30 min), 2-6 hours

Question 14

regional anesthesia

what is epidural anesthesia?

Answer 14

injected into the lumbosacral inverebral space

Question 15

what are the pros and cons of avian inhalant anesthesia?

Answer 15

pros - speedy, safe, predictable, very efficient, more rapid in birds

Question 16

What are endotracheal intubation in birds?

Answer 16

placing a tube into the trachea (windpipe) to facilitate anesthesia or provide respiratory support

Question 17

Discuss anesthesia in rabbits.

Answer 17

• Since rabbits are unable to vomit, there is no need to withhold the
  food and water longer than 2 to 4 hrs
• rabbits are obligate nasal breathers
• inhalant gas or injectable drugs but endotrachela intubation and and inhalant gas is preferred

Question 19

what are the pros and cons of avian injectable anesthesia?

Answer 19

pros - still widespread, usually in the field
cons- dose response is varirable, non-reversible, higher risks, difficult recovery