Parasite control: External and Internal Parasites Flashcards
Why is necessary to control fleas?
- flea allergy dermatitis
- flea bit hypersensitivity
- look for “flea dirt”
- hematophagous - can live and reproduce in house
not allergic to flea themselves but saliva that contain allergy-causing substances
What is the most common fleas?
- Ctenocephalides felis/canis - primary vector for Bartonell henselare (cat-strach disease) and for rickettsia felis
- Xenopsylla cheopis - vector for yersinia pestis (plague)
Xenopsylla cheopis - oriental rat flea
Why is necessary to control ticks?
- irritation to skin
- carry and transmit bacterial organism that cause infectious diseases (lyme disease)
- some carry infectious organisms that infect people
- tick bite paralysis
What are the most common ticks?
soft ticks: spinous ear tick (tick fever, Q fever, tularemia)
hard tick: black legged tick, american dog tick, lone star, brown dog
soft ticks do not have a scutum and capitulum is not visible
Why is necessary to control mites?
Can be contagious, cause extreme irritation as well as transmission to humans and overall resulting with irriation, dry/red skin appearance and hair loss
what are common mites?
- demodec (red) mange - dogs, no itching
- sarcoptic mange - more common in dogs, intense itching, highly contagious, zoonosis, deep skin scraping
- notoedres cati - cats, intense itching, hair loss, self mutilation
- Oteodected cyanotis (ear mites) - dog & cats, vigorous scratching, waxy debris, suceptible to bacterial infections, hematoma
- walking dandruff - dorsal crusting, generalized miliary dermatitis, huamn infestation
Why is necessary to control lice?
- could cause anemia
- contagious
- host for internal parasites (tapeworm)
what are common examples of lice?
- ligognathus setosus (dog’ sucking louse)
- tichedectes canis (dog’s biting louse)
- felicola subrostrata (cat louse)
What are the most common roundworms?
- toxocara canisn - through placenta, nursing; affect small intestines and other organs
- toxocara cati
- toxascaris leonina - less common, generally older dogs
what are the effects of roundworm?
overall: diarrhea, respiratory distress, swollen abdomen
what are the most common hookworms?
- ancylostoma caninum
- ancylostoma braziliense
- uncinaria stenocephala
what are the effects of hookworms?
- lethal to puppies, skin penetration
- diarrhea, weakness, weight loss, black tar-like stool
what are the most common whipworms?
- trichuris vulpis - large instestine and cecum
what are the effects of whipworm?
- none in light infection
- weight loss, diarrhea
- heavily infected: blood in feces, anemia
what are the most commone tapeworms?
- canine: dipylidium caninum, taenia psisiformis
- feline: dipylidium caninum
- zoonsis - echinococcosis
what are the effects of tapeworms?
- visible segments on feces
- scooting, irritability, variable appetite, shaggy coat, colic, mild diarrhea
what are the most common intestinal flukes?
- nanophyetus salmincola
- alaria alata, A canis, Alaria spp
- Heterobilharzia americana
intestinal fluke
What is the Salmon poisoning dieases?
infectious diseases (bacteria) transmitted by fluke causes vommiting, diarrhea, swelling, and is sometimes fatal; mostly seen in dogs
what are the most common hepatic flukes?
- opisthorchis felineus
- platynosomum concinnum
- metorchis albidus, M conjunctus
what are the effects of hepatic flukes?
severe - progressive weakness, complete exhaustion and sometimes death
what is the epidmiology of heartworms?
- primarily in dogs, less commin cats, ferrets
- spread by mosquito that bites infected hosts b/c microfilariae in blood
what are the effects of heartworm?
- can affect humans
- coughing, lethargy, dyspnea, exercise intolerance, right-sided congestive heart failure
what is coccidiosis?
a parasitic infection of the gastrointestinal tract caused by microscopic organisms called coccidia
* cause - diarrhea, weght los,, dehydration
What is toxoplasma gondii?
- capable of infecting virtually all warm-blooded animals (zoonosis)
- felids are only definitive host (domestic and wild cats)
- transmited by feces, infected meat and placenta
what is leishmania?
- transmitted by female phlebotomine sand flies bites
- zoonotic
- dogs are main host reservoir
- fatal in dogs and humans
- cause - skin lesion, ocular disease, abnormal nail growth
what is Giardia?
- travelar’s diarrhea or beaver fever
- dirrhea, vomitting
- transmission through fecal-oral route (cyst stage)
