Tech Prep - Mass and Balance Flashcards
Centre of gravity
the theoretical point at which the entire weight of that body is assumed to be concentrated.
CG on forward limit
Drag, fuel consumption increases Range, endurance decreases Longitudinal stability increases Increases tail down force -> increased stall speed Increased takeoff and landing speeds
Cg on aft limit
longitudinal stability reduced
spin recovery more difficult
tendency to pitch up
BEM
Mass of the airplane plus standard items:
unusable fuel, lubricating oil and other liquids
fire extinguishers
pyrotechnics
emergency O2 equipment
supplementary electronic equipment
DOM
The total mass of the airplane for a specific operation, excluding all usable fuel and traffic load, but includes:
crew and baggage
catering and removable passenger service equipment
blue juice
food and beverages
OM
DOM plus fuel (but without traffic load)
TL
Total mass of:
Passengers
Baggage
Cargo
VL (variable load)
Crew and their baggage catering and other removable passenger equipment Food and beverages Potable water Blue juice Any other special operational equipment
ZFM
DOM plus TL excluding fuel
MZFM
maximum ZFM limited by
on the ground: upward bending force of the main landing gear
in the air: upward bending force of the wing producing lift
MTOM
maximum mass at the start of the take-off run
MLM
maximum permissible mass on landing under normal circumstances
PLTOM
performance limited take-off mass, for ex.
runway distance available
minimum climb gradients in case of a go-around
PLLM
performance limited landing mass, for ex.
runway distance available
minimum climb gradients in case of a go-around
Regulated masses
the most limiting from structural or performance considerations
