teaching, surgical and clinical skills Flashcards
information retained following lecture
5%
information retained following reading
10%
information retained by discussion group learning
50%
information retained by “doing”
75%
information retained by teaching others
90%
MCQ assesses which part of millers pyramid
“knows”/knowledge
SBA or EMQ assesses which part of millers pyramid
“knows how”/competence
WPBA assess which part of millers pyramid
shows how and does
performance and action
outcome 1
satisfactory progress - achieving progress at expected rate
outcome 2
development of specific competencies required - additional training time required (no extension of training time)
outcome 3
inadequate progress - additional training time required
outcome 4
released from training programme
outcome 5
incomplete evidence presented - additional training time may be required
example, failure to submit form R
outcome 6
gained all competencies, completion of training
outcome 7
fixed term posts
outcome 8
OOP related
outcome 10
covid related
phase 1 clinical trial
checking for safety: small sample of young healthy people
tests for: possible harm, side effects, dosages
phase 2 clinical trial
checking for efficacy: people affected by disease, larger group 200-500
tests for: whether treatment is effective, side effects, AGAINST PLACEBO
phase 3 clinical trial
confirming findings: large population, AGAINST CURRENT STANDARD
phase 4 clinical trial
testing long-term safety in diverse patient population, post-marketing
normal distribution: 1 SD either side of mean
68%
normal distribution: 2 SD either side of mean
95%
normal distribution: 3 SD either side of mean
99.7%
maintenance fluid requirement
25-30ml/kg
1 mmol, Na/K/Cl
50-100g glucose
absorbable suture with greatest tensile strength
PDS
absorbable suture with greatest tissue reaction
catgut
absorbable suture with poorest tensile strength
catgut
non-absorbable suture with highest tissue reaction
surgical silk
non-absorbable suture with lowest tissue reaction
prolene
non-absorbable suture with lowest tensile strength
surgical silk
thermal effects - cutting
100 degrees
thermal effects - coagulation
200 degrees
incidence of postoperative pyrexia
20%
10% with use of prophylactic antibiotics
incidence of bowel injury with closed entry
0.4/1000
incidence of vessel injury with closed procedure
0.2/1000
pressure for trocar insertion
20-25
pressure for procedure
12-15
palmer’s point
3cm below left costal margin in midclavicular line
incidence of adhesions after midline laparotomy
50%
incidence of adhesions after low transverse incision
23%
sheath closure of non-midline port required if
> 7mm
sheath closure of midline port required if
> 10mm
ureteric injury most common site
lower third, 51%
ureteric injury most common type
complete transection 60%
up to 25% of unrecognised ureteral injuries may result in
eventual loss of ipsilateral kidney
to study a rare exposure
cohort, tends to be prospective
to study a rare outcome
case control
to measure incidence
longitudinal descriptive study
to measure prevalence
cross-sectional
when little is known, what study
survey
case control - what measure
OR
cohort study - what measure
RR
