Teaching Process - Block 2 Flashcards
Teaching Skills Needed to be an effective instructor (4)
People Skills
Subject matter experience
Management Skills
Assessment Skills
Elaborate on the skills needed to be an effective instructor.
• People skills
o Communicate effectively (no abstract concepts)
o Respectful with students
o Motivate students to learn (readiness)
o Display enthusiasm
o Challenge students (students can tell when you’re going easy on them)
o Willingness to match teaching and learning styles (common experience)
• Subject matter expertise o Technical knowledge (keeping up to date on changes) o Proficient flight skills o Knowledge of effective teaching o Professional development
• Management skills o How to plan the lesson o Organize the lesson o Lead the student o Manage instructional time o Supervision of students
• Assessment skills
o Determining student learning
o Determining teaching effectiveness
o Knowledge of effective assessment techniques
Instructor’s Code of Conduct (6)
- Safety #1 priority
- Exercise good judgment/decision making
- Manage risks effectively
- Be accountable for your actions
- Adhere to prudent operating practices
- Adhere to applicable regulations
Teaching Process
Preparation
Presentation
Participation (application)
Review & Evaluate
Elaborate on the Teaching Process
• Preparation (outline, create scenarios, lesson plan)
o Need to determine lesson objective before planning anything
o Consideration of training syllabus
o Develop a lesson plan
o Instructor Review
o Instructor Materials
o Student Assignments (equal to the impact of all of the others)
• Presentation
o Present knowledge & skills needed to complete the lesson objective
o Method of presentation
♣ Lecture (for learning)
• Used when no previous experience with topic exists, so discussion of a topic can not occur just yet.
♣ Discussion (for learning)
♣ Demonstration-Performance (skill development)
• Shows order in which to perform
• Must do in order to learn it effectively
• Participate
o In your stage you will need to have them participate
o Apply knowledge & skills to complete lesson objective
♣ Maneuvers
♣ Solve problems
♣ Answer questions
• Review & Evaluate (recency and feedback for improvement) o Instructor reviews lesson ♣ Law of recency o Evaluation ♣ Informs student of their progress ♣ Corrects deficiencies ♣ Formal/informal
Teaching Method : Lecture (5)
What:
When:
a. Lecture
i. Speaking to the student with no feedback
ii. Only useful when the student has no previous reading or experience
iii. What: Knowledge
iv. When: New Topic, no previous experience
v. One way process, no feedback expected
Teaching Method: Discussion (4)
What:
When:
i. Dialogue between student and teacher, back and forth
ii. What: higher level knowledge and understanding
iii. When: prior experience and elaboration on topics can occur
iv. Two way process, prior experience is developed to build through questions on a discussion
Teaching Method: Demonstration - Performance (3)
What:
When:
i. Actually performing maneuvers to build experience, being modeled by instructor
ii. What: Skill
iii. When: hands on skill
Advantages of Lecture (6)
- Requires less student preparation (student advantage)
- Less risk involved (if student isn’t expecting questions) (student advantage)
- More time efficient (teaching advantage)
- Useful in a group setting (teaching advantage)
- Useful for new material (teaching advantage)
- Easier to stay on track (teaching advantage)
Advantages of Discussion: (4)
- More student involvement
- More in depth
- More effective Learning
- Build on knowledge by asking questions
Disadvantages of Discussion (3)
- Less efficient
- Less effective if bigger group
- More difficult to stay on track
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Two Key Attributes for discussion that you must have as an instructor.
- Tact:
a. Have to take the answer you get and mold it, not just simply say “NO” - Patience
Types of Questions (5)
o Overhead:
♣ only pertinent in a group setting (lead off question)
♣ Should have why or how
o Rhetorical
♣ Directed to group but instructor answers questions
o Direct
♣ When response is desired from an individual
o Reverse
♣ Response to studnets questions back to student
o Relay
♣ Response to students question back to the group
Characteristics of a good question: (6)
- Clear in Meaning
- Have specific purpose
- Should promote a single idea
- Stimulate thought
- Requires a definite answer
- Relates to a previously asked question
Characteristics of a good question: (6)
- Clear in Meaning
- Have specific purpose
- Should promote a single idea
- Stimulate thought
- Requires a definite answer
- Relates to a previously asked question
Phases of Demonstration Performance Method
o Explanation
o Demonstration
o Student performance
o Evaluate
Alternative Teaching Methods:
What is the discovery method
Define & Explain the 5 steps
Discovery Method: The student learns by being cut loose and learning purely by discovery.
- Give them a problem to solve
- Instructor provides only basic assistance
- Safety issues can make this method unusable for flight education
- Most effective method in terms of learning effectiveness
- Very strong learning experience but very inefficient.
Alternative Teaching Methods:
Problem Based Learning:
Define:
PBL Problems must be: (6)
• Student centered vs. instructor centered
• Confront student with problems and force them to solve it
o PBL problems
♣ Must be realistic and relate to the real world
♣ Require to students to make decision
♣ Not limited to one correct answer
♣ Connected to previous/new knowledge
♣ Reflects lesson objectives
♣ Challenge students to think critically
Problem based learning methods (3)
♣ Scenario based training method
• Objective for student to make good decisions and sound judgment
♣ Collaborative problem solving method
• Two or more students solve a problem
♣ Case study method
• Students analyze and conclude solutions
Alternative Teaching Methods:
Co-operative or group learning method
Define and discuss rules to follow (7)
• Small groups activities where students maximize their own and each others learning o Rules to follow: ♣ Small groups ♣ Clear instructions ♣ Objectives perceived as personal objectives ♣ Student access to needed information ♣ Sufficient time ♣ Individual accountability ♣ Recognition/rewards for groups
Alternative Teaching Methods:
Electronic Learning
What is it and give an example (4)
• Computer based learning • Simulations, role playing, and gaming • Examples: o CD/DVD o Internet o Webinar o Online courses
Integrated Method:
Explain
Why do we use integration method?
• Visual Reference o More important than instrument indications • Instruments reference • Why: o Development of scan habits, o increases accuracy of aircraft control for o operating efficiency o minimal emergency capability, but some
Teaching & Doing Technique
Is it effective?
What law does it support?
What happens?
• Very effective method
• Supports law of primacy
• Instructor tells student how to do it, and then does it
o Explanation and performance must conform
• Student tells & instructor does it
o Insures student understands the process
• Student Tells & Student Does
• Instructor must be alert for errors & student continues under evaluation
o Determine if lesson objective has been met.
Instructional aids:
What law does it support?
What does it help with?
Examples?
• Support the law of intensity • Helps maintain attention • Aids the student in developing a mental picture • Helps student understand relationships between materials and concepts • Increases student’s retention • Teaching efficiency • Examples: o Plane on a stick o Power-point o Pictures o Diagrams o Drawings o Videos o Printed material o Markers and board o Models-mock ups, cutaways o Test preparation materials
