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The Heart > Teach me anatomy heart > Flashcards

Teach me anatomy heart Flashcards

1
Q

At what level does the pulmonary trunk split into the right and left pulmonary arteries

A

T5-T6

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2
Q

At what level does the superior vena cava drain into the right atrium

A

Level of 3rd rib

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3
Q

At what level does the inferior vena cava pass through the diaphragm and enter the pericardium

A

Level of T8

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4
Q

Where does blood leaving the left ventricle go

A

Passes into the aorta

Enters systemic circulation

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5
Q

Where does blood leaving the right ventricle go

A

Pulmonary circulation via pulmonary arteries

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6
Q

What is the role of the right auricle

A

Muscular pouch acts to increase the capacity of the atrium

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7
Q

What separates the inferior surface of the right atrium

A

Crista terminalis

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8
Q

Where does the coronary sinus open into

A

Right atrium

Between the inferior vena cava orifice and the right atrioventricular orifice

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9
Q

Describe the interatrial septum

A

Solid muscular wall that separates the right and left atria

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10
Q

What is the fossa ovalis

A

Remnant of the foramen ovale

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11
Q

What was the role of the foramen ovale

A

Allows right to left shunting of blood to bypass the lungs

Closes once the newborn takes its first breath

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12
Q

What does the left atrium receive blood from

A

Oxygenated - 4 pulmonary veins

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13
Q

What are the series of irregular muscular elevations called found in the right and left ventricle

A

Trabeculae carnae

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14
Q

What is the rate at which the SA node generates impulses influenced by

A

Autonomic nervous system
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic

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15
Q

What is the effect of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart

A

Increases firing rate of the SA node

Increases HR

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16
Q

What is the effect of the parasympathetic nervous system on the heart

A

Decreases firing rate of the SA node

Decreases HR

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17
Q

Where is the atrioventricular node located

A

Within the atrioventricular septum

Near the opening of the coronary sinus

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18
Q

What is the role of the AV node

A

Delay impulses

Ensure the atria have enough time to fully eject the blood into the ventricles before ventricular systole

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19
Q

How long does the AV node delay impulses

A

120ms

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20
Q

Where are purkinje fibres located

A

Sudendocardial surface of the ventricular walls

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21
Q

What are the three layers of the heart

A

Endocardium

Myocardium

Epicardium

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22
Q

Describe the endocardium

A

Innermost layer

Lines the cavities and valves of the heart

Regulates contractions

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23
Q

Describe the subendocardial layer

A

Lies between and joins the endocardium and myocardium

Purkinije fibres located here

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24
Q

Describe the myocardium

A

Composed of cardiac muscle

Involuntary striated muscle

Responsible for the contractions of the heart

25
Q

Describe the subepicardial layer

A

Lies between and joins the myocardium and the epicardium

26
Q

Describe the epicardium

A

Outermost layer

Formed by the visceral layer of the pericardium

27
Q

What is significant about the epicardium

A

Connective tissue secretes small amount of lubricating fluid into the pericardial cavity

28
Q

What is the outer surface of the epicardium lined by

A

Simple squamous epithelial cells

29
Q

What is the pericardium

A

Fibro-serous

Fluid filled

Sack that surrounds the muscular body of the heart and the roots of the great vessels

30
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium

A

Tough external layer - fibrous pericardium

Thin internal layer - serous pericardium

31
Q

Describe the fibrous pericardium

A

Continuous with the central tendon of the diaphragm

Made of tough connective tissue

Relatively non-distensible

Rigid structure prevents overfilling of the heart

32
Q

Describe the serous pericardium

A

Enclosed within the serous pericardium

Divided into two layers

33
Q

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium

A

Outer parietal layer

Internal visceral layer

34
Q

What does the outer parietal layer of the serous pericardium line

A

Internal surface of the fibrous pericardium

35
Q

What does the internal visceral layer of the serous pericardium form

A

The outer layer of he heart - epicardium

36
Q

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium made up of

A

Single sheet of epithelial cells - mesothelium

37
Q

How do you remember the layers of the heart

A

Fart
Police
Smell
Villains

38
Q

What does Fart Police Smell Villains stand for

A

F - fibrous layer of pericardium

P - parietal layer of the serous pericardium

S - serous fluid

V - visceral layer of the serous pericardium

39
Q

What is the role of the pericardium

A

Fixes the heart

Prevents overfilling

Lubrication

Protection from infection

40
Q

What is the innervation of the pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve

C3-C5

41
Q

What is a common source of referred pain and why

A

Phrenic nerve

Originates in the neck and travels down the thoracic cavity

42
Q

What are valves composed of

A

Connective tissue

Endocardium

43
Q

What are the two atrioventricular valves

A

Tricuspid valve

Mitral (bicuspid) valve

44
Q

Where are the atrioventricular valves located

A

Between the atria and ventricle

45
Q

What are the examples of the semilunar valves

A

Pulmonary valve

Aortic valve

46
Q

Where are the semilunar valves located

A

Between the ventricles and corresponding artery

47
Q

Are the atrioventricular valves open or close during the start of ventricular contraction (systole)

48
Q

What is systole

A

Ventricular contraction

49
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve located

A

Between the right atrium and right ventricle

50
Q

Where is the mitral valve located

A

Left atrium and left ventricle

51
Q

How many papillary muscles are there in total

52
Q

How many papillary muscles are there in the right ventricle

53
Q

How many papillary muscles are there in the left ventricle

54
Q

When do semilunar valves close

A

Beginning of ventricular relaxation (diastole)

55
Q

What is diastole

A

Ventricular relaxation

56
Q

What produces the first heart sound

A

Close of the AV valves

57
Q

What produces the second heart sound

A

Closing of the semilunar valves

58
Q

Where is the pulmonary valve located

A

Between the right ventricle and pulmonary trunk

59
Q

Where is the aortic valve located

A

Between the left ventricle and ascending aorta

The Heart (12 decks)

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