Te Tūtakitanga o ngā Tāngata: The meeting of peoples Flashcards
What time period are we talking about when discussing the moment NZ first encounters strangers (non-Maori)?
1770s - 1790s
Following Cook’s Pacific explorations of 1770s.
What were some names that Maori had for non-Maori peoples?
Tangata ke (strangers) Maitai (from sea) Tangata tupua (goblin people) Takata pora (ship people) Tangata pakeha (fair-skinned people)
What was the situation between 1770 and 1790?
Relatively peaceful trading between Maori and Europeans.
Initially, what were the two main areas of trading?
Bay of Islands and Foveaux Strait
When did whaling start in NZ?
Whalers from New South Wales were at Pewhairangi (Bay of Island) from the 1790s. Whaling really kicked off in the 1800s.
Why was there a temporary cessation of in whaling after 1809?
There was utu against Boyd. Ships had Maori on them who were often treated badly. In this case they punished a young Maori rangatira. When he came back he reported what had happened. Following protocol, utu was sought against the perpetrators and they were killed. There was a temporary cessation in trade following this.
Whaling picked up again during the 1830s.
During the 1830s, whalers in the Bay of Islands were usually from where?
America
When were sealers in NZ? And where were they from?
In 1792 there was a sealing gang in Dusky Sound. by 1810 there were massive numbers of pelts being shipped around. There was a lot of money to be made.
Mainly American and Australian.
In order to set up a whaling station what was necessary?
Some sort of understanding/agreement with local ruling rangatira. Men living in shore whaling stations were living in a Maori domain with permission.
How was in beneficial to Maori to marry whalers?
It’s not just because the men wanted wives, it was a chiefly strategy. The wives become mediatos, creating an element of Maori control. The men also fight to protect their wives and their family. The women worked alongside their husbands and participated in their businesses to benefit their children and their whanau.
What happened to Tuki-tahua and Huru in 1793?
They were kidnapped to Norfolk island to help convicts manufacture rope from flax. Hoping to get Maori insight, but hadn’t taken into account that it was a female industrial system. They lived with Commandant Philip Gidley King.
What became of Tuki-tahu and Huru after they were taken? Why was their relationship with King important?
A relationship evolves between King and Tuki and Huru; they are living with his family. King promised to take the men back to NZ and he did hold to this promise. He also returned them with gifts e.g. potato = new crop for NZ.
King then established relationships with northern rangatira. He took action (proclamations) to protect Maori sailors etc. Northern rangatira realised they can benefit from this relationship as he’s a English representative.
Te Pahi and family played an important role in forming relationships, what was the story here?
At this time Australia is a colony of England, NZ is being drawn in by all the trading. In 1805 Te Pahi and his sons, from bay of islands, visit Governor King in Port Jackson, exchanging gifts to establish a relationship. Te Pahi studies gardening, takes seeds and fruit trees home.
He meets Samuel Marsden, NSW Principal Chaplain, who begins to contemplate a Christian mission to NZ.
Te Pahi provides food to visiting ship in bay of islands, reciprocating the hospitality.
What happened to Te Pahi and why?
In 1810 he is killed by ship lynch-mob who mistakenly thought he had killed the crew of Boyd. Things can go horribly wrong in cross-cultural communication; they mistook him for someone with a similar name.
They attacked his community, mass killed and killed Te Pahi.
What role did Ruatara play in the settling of missionaries in NZ?
The seed had already been planted by Te Pahi’s visit to Port Jackson, where he met Samuel Marsden.
Ruatara is a young Maori sailor who suffers from ill-usage. He’s sick and dumped in London by captain of the ship. In 1809 Ruatara is nursed back to health by Marsden en route from London to Port Jackson. Ruatara lives with marsden at his Parramatta farm and learns about farming. He’s keen to take knowledge back to his community in the bay of islands. Ruatara is point of contact in NZ for missionaries prompting Marsden in 1814 to settle missionaries by his pa at Rangihoua (northern bay of islands).
