Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Immunology > TCR and cell mediated immunity > Flashcards

TCR and cell mediated immunity Flashcards

1
Q

the part of a peptide antigen that is recognized by the T lymphocyte antigen receptors (TCR) aka the Antigenic Determinant

A

Epitope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

TCR and BCR have constant regions (genetically conserved) _ domain and variable regions (genetically diverse) _ recognition

A

receptor, antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

BCR or TCR? Recognizes linearized peptides derived from proteins

A

TCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

BCR or TCR? Which is capable of recognizing numerous chemical structures?

proteins, lipids, lipoproteins

A

BCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

BCR or TCR? Which are MHC restricted?

A

TCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Early lymphocyte development requires a commitment of progenitor cells. B cells: _ _ _ expression

T cells: _ _ _ expression

A

Heavy chain protein

TCR B chain protein expression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proliferation of precursor lymphocytes: _ produced by bone marrow stromal cells provides the mitogenic signal for developing lymphocytes to proliferate

A

IL7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the checkpoints of lymphocyte maturation

A
  1. Expression of Beta chain- has variable and constant region. Three segments- Variable (V) diversity (D) and joining (J)
  2. Expression of alpha chain (variable and constant)

no d segment in alpha chain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Each variable region of the TCRBeta and TCRalpha chain has 3 regions of hypervariability known as _

A

CDR (CDR 1, CDR2, CDR3)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Antigenic diversity:

Combinatorial: variation amongst possible _ _ _ or _ _ exon combinations

Junctional: Removal of nucleotides, addition of nucleotides by _ enzyme

A

VDJ VJ

TdT (mutation in this leads to immunocompromised)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where do the induction and effector phases occur?

A

lymphatic tissue, peripheral tissue (site of infection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Naive T lymphocytes re-circulate through the body and are activated when _

Naive t cells possess machinery to recognize antigens but lack the _ functions to _ antigen

A

activated when they encounter microbial antigen in peripheral lymphoid organ

effector function, eliminate antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Induction phase: what are the steps in t cell activation?

A

cytokines IL-2R, clonal expansion, differentiation (effector t cell, memory t cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Step1 in antigen recognition and t cell activation

A

interact w/ APCs transiently, Recognition of antigen increases T cell integrin (LFA1) affinity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CD4+ T cells function as _

CD8+ T cells function as _

A

cytokine producing helper cells

cytolytic T lymphocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How many TCR coreceptors need to be engaged simultaneously in order to activate naive t cells?

Two families of TCR

  • most common, abundant, recognize peptides: _
  • prevalent in mucosal tissues, recognize lipids: _
A

two or more

alpha beta

gamma delta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Step two in activation of Naive t lymphocytes (step 1 was antigen recognition)

A

T cell CD28 interaction with co-stimulatory molecule (B7?) on APC cell surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the purpose of each of these brackets on the left

A

signal transduction

antigen recognition

signal transduction

adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Naive t cells express these proteins on the surface. what are their functions?

CD3

CD4

CD8

CD28, ITAM

CTLA4, ITIM

LFA1

ICAM1

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dendritic cells ingest antigen (something to do with PAMP) and then

Upregulate costimulatory molecules (_)

increase levels of _

Secrete _

A

b7

MHC

cytokines (e.g. IL12)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cd28 on t cell recognizes _ on APC

A

B7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

three professional APCs- dendritic, B cell, and macrophages. B cell apc bind specific antigen via surface immunoglobulin. What happens next?

A

Endocytosis, degradation, then complex with MHC Class 2 surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

IL-2 is produced by an activated _

it is a cytokine that stimulates proliferation 1-2 days after activation.

A

T Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

IL7

A

produced by bone marrow stromal cells, provides the mitogenic signal for developing lymphocytes to proliferate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The variable region of the TCRβ chain is composed of three gene segments that recombine during cellular differentiation and maturation. These segments are:

A

V Variable

D Diversity

J Joining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

variations amongst possible V-D-J or V-J exon combinations is called _ antigenic diversity

Removal of nucleotides, addition of nucleotides by _ enzyme, and strand repair during the recombination process is called _ antigenic diversity

A

combinatorial

antigenic (TdT enzyme)

27
Q

Recognition of antigen increases T cell _ affinity so that the T cell:APC binding may remain in place for days as the naive T cell undergoes Activation, clonal expansion, and differentiation

A

T cell integrin LFA 1

28
Q

Naive t cells require 2 signals to become activated

A

1) TCR interaction with MHC antigen peptide complex
2) T cell cd28 interaction with co-stimulatory molecule on APC cell surface

29
Q

IL12 is secreted from _ and it’s function is to _

A

Cytokine secreted from an activated APC to cause differentiation of the T cell

30
Q

IL2

A

T cell proliferation cytokine

produced by an activated T cell

31
Q

Role for IL-2 and the IL-2 receptors in T cell proliferation

A

T Cells upregulate IL2Ra chain to establish the high-affinity receptor

32
Q

What kind of cell would you get with each cytokine profile?

IFNy, IL12

IL4

TGFβ, IL6, IL23

A

TH1 T cell

TH2 T cell

Th17 T cell

33
Q

T cell subset differentiation:

Th1 cells are from _ cytokines?

Th2…?

Th17 …?

A

IFNy, IL12

IL4

TGFβ, IL6 and IL23

34
Q

CD4+ t cells recognize MHC class 2 antigens and then differentiate into 3 types of t cells, what are their names and functions?

A

Th1- activate macrophage-> kill intracellular bacteria

Th2: activate B cells-> secrete antibodies to parasites/ allergens

Th17: activate PMNs-> kill bacteria and fungi involved, in autoimmune response

35
Q

CD8+ t cells recognize antigen displayed by MHC class 1 and then differentiate into:

A

Cytotoxic t cells (CTL)

36
Q

TNF and IL-1 activation of endothelial cells and elevated production of chemokines occurs as a function of innate immunity.

A

Just so ya know.

37
Q

Those effector T cells that recognize specific antigens become further activated, increasing expression and affinity of _ integrins, allowing those cells to firmly adhere to the _ on endothelial cells and matrix at the site of infection

A

VLA4, VCAM1

38
Q

What does CCR7 do? L selectin?

What does CXCR10 do? E or P selectin?

A

CCR7 and L selectin- traffic to lymphatic tissues

CXCR10 and E or P selectin- traffic to peripheral/ regional tissues

39
Q

fill in the blanks

A
40
Q

fill in blanks

A
41
Q

CD40L and IFN- γ from _ bind receptors on _ to _

Name 3 parts of the macrophage response and their role in cell-mediated immunity

A

CD4+ T cells, macrophages, enhance killing

42
Q

IL-12 fom macrophage function

IFN γ from Effector T cell (Th1) function

A

IL-12 differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into Th1 effector T cells

IFN γ: increase antimicrobial killing in macrophages at the site of infection

Positive feedback loop

43
Q

fill in

A
44
Q

CD4+ Th2 produce _ _ and _

and stimulate _ infammation and neutralizing _

A

IL4, IL10, and IL13

eosinophilic inflammation

neutralizing antibody

45
Q

which helper t cell inhibits microbicidal activity of macrophages?

A

Th2 cell via IL-4, -10, -13

46
Q

flil in the blanks about th17 cells

A
47
Q

TH17 cells

A
48
Q

CD8+ Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are _ restricted

secrete two proteins _ and _

Express _ which can induce apoptosis by binding _ on target cells

A

MHC Class 1

Perforins, Granzymes

Fas ligand, fas receptor

49
Q

Define superantigen, how does it work

A

massive and unregulated cytokine production triggered by activation of T cells by superantigen

cross-links many different clones of T cells with class-II expressing APCs

50
Q

superantigen cytokines

A

IL1 and TNF

changes in liver function, acute phase protein release

change in vascular permeability

hypotension

IL2 (T cell proliferation)

IFNy (isotype switching)

51
Q

Which cytokines are associated w/ superantigen

A
52
Q
A
53
Q
A
54
Q
A
55
Q

T cells develop in the _ and _

A

bone marrow and thymus

56
Q

Expression of the _ chain is the first checkpoint in T cell development

A

TCRβ

57
Q

Expression of the _ a and β dimeric protein is the second checkpoint

A

TCTa and β

58
Q

T cell immune response is a sequential series: induction phase- TCR recognizes peptide antigens displayed with _ on _

A

MHC, APC

59
Q

T cell immune response is a sequential series: induction phase- after TCR recognizes MHC on APC, T cell undergoes _ and _

A

clonal expansion and differentiation

60
Q

T cell immune response is a sequential series: before t cell undergoes differentiation after TCR and MHC/antigen recognition, two signals are required:

A

signal 1: mhc-peptide recognition and binding by tcr

signal 2: costimulatory molecule (b7/cd80)- recognition and binding by CD28

Cytokine environment dictates differentiation into T cell subsets

61
Q

CD4+

Th1: important in _ response

Produces _ and _

_ activation

Induce opsonizing antibody productoin (_)

A

inflammatory response, IFNy and IL2, macrophage activation, IgG

62
Q

CD8+

_ T lymphocytes

A

cytotoxic

63
Q
A

Immunology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions