01b innate immunity robinson Flashcards
cells of the innate immune system
epithelia (AMPs, anti microbial proteins, kill bacteria)
Phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages)
Granulocytes (Eosinophils, Basophils, mast cells)
cells of the adaptive immune system
lymphocytes
cells linking the innate and adaptive immune systems
dendritic cells
NK cells
AMPs (e.g. defensins)
epithelial peptides secreted in defense
commensals
location
how they work
nose, throat, mouth, vagina, urethra, large intestine, skin
compete for resources w/ more virulent organisms
produce their own AMPs
Keep immune cells in an attentive state
lower vaginal pH
most abundant phagocyte
Neutrophils, aka PMN, circulating
tissue resident phagocyte
4 examples
macrophage, derived from circulating monocyte microglial cells (CNS) kupffer cells (liver) alveolar macrophages (lung) osteoclasts (bone)
tissue resident phagocyte
sentinel cells in nearly every tissue, when activated they traffic to draining lymph nodes, stimulate adaptive immunity.
Dendritic cells (DCs), monocyte derived also, Langerhans cells (skin)
multilobed nucleus phagocyte, most abundant, deficiency results in Chronic Granulomatous Disease, which is associated with severe bacterial/fungal infections
neutrophils (PMNs)
high number of this phagocyte is indicative of a bacterial infection.
They die within a a few hrs after reaching active site (short lived)
neutrophil (PMN)
neutrophils kill microbes via concerted mechanisms:
Fusion with __ which contain _, _, _, _, and _
_ (from lysosome) catalyzes the production of HOCl (hypochlorous acid) from H202 and Cl-
_ _ dependent production of superoxide
_ catalyzes the formation of NO from arginine
Produces _ that attract other PMNs
lysosomes, which contain lysozyme, defensins, lactoferrin, hydrolases, and myeloperoxidase (MPO)
MPO
NADPH Oxidase
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)
cytokines
Pus is the accumulation of live and dead _
PMNs (neutrophils)
“Activated” macrophage has recognized a _ through one or more _
Couple phagocytosis to “_ _” on MHC Class 2 molecules (critical to initiation of adaptive immune response)
PAMP (pathogen associated molecular pattern)
PRRs Pattern recognition receptors
Antigen presentation. Makes macrophages good APCs (antigen presenting cells)
More efficient at processing phagocytosed microbes into antigen presenting MHC pathway.
Surface area extended for MHC t cell interactions.
Dendritic cells (DCs)
_ are important for defense against helminth parasites, which are too big to be phagocytosed
Granulocytes
