01a cells of immune system, dwinell

Question 1

Two types of immunity

Answer 1

adaptive (acquired),

innate (natural) protection from birth

Question 2

Define immunogen

Answer 2

Antigen that induces and immune response

Question 3

define antigen

Answer 3

a molecule that binds to (is recognized by) antibody or T cells

Question 4

-receiving preformed antibody
-rapid protection
-short duration (t1/2 for Ab= 3 weeks)
examples IgA in breast milk, humanized antibody (e.g. Remicade)

Answer 4

Passive immunity

Question 5

exposure to a foreign antigen
slow protection
long duration-> memory lymphocytes
Examples: natural infection, vaccine (e.g. DTaP)

Answer 5

Active immunity

Question 6

Specificity
Innate?
Adaptive?

Answer 6

Innate: Pattern-recognition receptors

• toll like receptors, nod like receptors
• limited diversity, non-clonal expression

Adaptive- Antigen receptors

• **T Cell receptor (TCR)
• **B cell receptor (BCR)
• Somatic Recombination leads to great diversity, clonal cells

Question 7

Memory
Innate?
Adaptive?

Answer 7

innate: none
Adaptive- clones of lymphocytes remain in the body and will recognize and respond to antigen more rapidly than the first initiating exposure event

Question 8

Microorganism is modified to decrease pathogenicity, limited growth after injection- What type of vaccination is this?
what type of response does it induce?
Pros and cons?

Answer 8

live attenuated
Cellular response (T Cells)
Pro: Strong, life-long immunity
Con: May revert to virulent form

Question 9

Pathogen is inactivated (heat or chemically) but retains an immunologic epitope on surface- what type of vaccination is this?
What type of response?
Pros and cons?

Answer 9

Inactivated vaccine
Humoral response (B cells)
Pro: stable and safer than live
Con- weaker immunity- requires booster vaccine

Question 10

Myeloid cells vs. lymphoid cells

Answer 10

Myeloid- erythrocytes
megakaryocytes --> platelets
Basophils
Eosinophils
Neutrophils (most abundant)
Monocytes

Lymphoid (Thymus)
B Lymphocytes
T Lymphocytes
NK cells

Question 11

___ circulates and enters tissue and differentiates into ___ to phagocytose foreign things
Large cell, lots of cytoplasm

Answer 11

Monocyte/ macrophage.

Large cell with lots of cytoplasm

Question 12

most abundant circulating leukocyte, mediates earliest, most immediate phases of immunity. Lobed nucleus (3-5 lobes)

Answer 12

Neutrophil aka PMN (polymorphonuclear, polys)

Question 13

___ arise from a hematopoietic precursor cell stimulated with the cytokine G-CSF

Answer 13

Neutrophils, aka pmn aka polys

Question 14

motile phagocyte important in parasite infection and allergy.
granules contain heparin, hydrolytic enzymes.
stains red

Answer 14

Eosinophils, 1-3% of serum leukocyte population. Large granules that stain with acidic dyes.

Question 15

non-phagocytic, circulate in blood, release pharmacologically active immune mediators (histamine…), release IL4 (Th2 cytokine)
acidic granules stain purple

Answer 15

basophils, less than 1% of circulating leukocyte population.

Question 16

Granulocyte from bone marrow, emigrate/differentiate in tissue
granules contain heparin and histamine
important in allergic responses

Answer 16

Mast cells

Question 17

Derived from the same bone marrow progenitor as monocytes, migrate and reside in tissues near site of microbe entry
primary function is Antigen Presenting Cell (transport and present microbial antigens to T lymphocytes in peripheral lymphoid tissues)

Answer 17

Dendritic cells

Question 18

Distinguishing between T lyphocytes by:

Answer 18

cell surface molecules (CD##)

Question 19

lots of nucleus, faint diffuse blue part = golgi.

Differentiates into plasma cell. Makes a lot of protein and secretes.

Answer 19

Effector B cells

Question 20

Immunologic tissue
primary (generative) lymphoid tissue
-
-
secondary (peripheral) lymphoid tissue
-
-
-

Answer 20

Bone marrow, thymus

lymph nodes, spleen, MALT/SALT (Peyers patch)