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comptia network+ > TCP/IP Basics > Flashcards

TCP/IP Basics Flashcards

1
Q

protocols

A

set of rules upon which software is developed

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2
Q

protocol suite

A

aggregation of protocols

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3
Q

protocol stack

A

software installed on a system that enables a specific protocol suite to function

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4
Q

IPv4

A

internet protocol version 4

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5
Q

IPv6

A

internet protocol version 6

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6
Q

ICMP

A

internet control message protocol

“is there a computer out there with the address of”

called automatically by apps for the most part

used by ping utility

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7
Q

RTT

A

round trip time (real transfer time)

time of response for a ping query

times out if connection is not available

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8
Q

destination & source addresses are part of the [blank]

A

TCP/IP Internet layer

OSI network layer

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9
Q

connection-oriented

A

ensure data arrives in good order (TCP)

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10
Q

connectionless

A

data arrival condition not important (UDP)

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11
Q

TCP handling of data

A

breaks data into segments

gives segments sequence number

verifies all segments were received

missing segments resent

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12
Q

port numbers

A

used by systems to determine which application needs to receive the data

1 - 65,535

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13
Q

HTTP port number

A

TCP 80

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14
Q

POP3 port number

A

TCP 110

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15
Q

flags

A

individual bits that give both sides detailed information about the state of the connection

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16
Q

checksum

A

checks TCP header for errors

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17
Q

UDP summary

A

packets do not contain extra confirmation components

lots of data needs to be delivered

integrity of data is not critical

systems are close - chance of problem minimal

VoIP - UDP much faster than TCP

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18
Q

2 network protocols that use UDP

A

DNS

DHCP

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19
Q

UDP datagrams get chopped into segments [T/F]

A

false

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20
Q

IP addressing in LANs

A

MAC broadcast traffic would not work in larger networks

IP addressing overcomes this hurdle

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21
Q

composition of IPv4 address

A

32-bit value

broken into 4 groups of 8 - separated by period

each group converted into decimal number between 0 & 255

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22
Q

naming standard used by IP addresses

A

dotted decimal notation

dotted octet numbering system

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23
Q

commands to display IP address

A

ipconfig /all - Windows

ifconfig - UNIX / Linux / OS X

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24
Q

network ID

A

shared numbers of IP addresses that identify a network

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25
Q

network ID & host ID of the following address:

202.120.10.5

A

network ID = 202.120.10

host ID = 5

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26
Q

why no computer can have an IP address ending in 0

A

reserved for the network ID

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27
Q

in order to interconnect LANs [blank] is required

A

router with IP address on the LAN it serves

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28
Q

default gateway

A

router interface

usually “1” on LAN side

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29
Q

routing table

A

instructions that tell the router what to do with incoming packets & where to send them

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30
Q

subnet mask

A

provides the ability to determine if the target computer is on the same network

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31
Q

0 translates to

A

00000000

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32
Q

255 translates to

A

11111111

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33
Q

ARP

A

address resolution protocol

how TCP/IP network determines the MAC address based on the destination IP address

34
Q

method of monitoring devices connected to LAN

A

examine MAC addresses - look for any that are unfamiliar

35
Q

exam term MAC address lookup table

A

source address table (SAT)

Cisco calls SATs MAC address tables

36
Q

RARP

A

reverse address resolution protocol

long dead - reverse of ARP

may be incorrect answer

37
Q

show current ARP table in Windows

A

cmd “arp -a”

38
Q

delete entry in Windows ARP table

A

cmd “arp -d [IP address]”

39
Q

subnet shorthand

A

/ [number of 1’s in subnet mask]

40
Q

IANA

A

internet assigned numbers authority

tracks and disperses IP addresses on the Internet

41
Q

RIR

A

regional internet registry

subgroups of IANA

distribute IP addresses to ISPs & major corporations

42
Q

ARIN

A

american registry for internet numbers

RIR that covers north america

43
Q

network blocks (blocks)

A

IANA passes out IP addresses in continuous chunks

44
Q

class A

A

1st decimal value = 1 - 126
Addresses = 1.0.0.0 - 126.255.255.255
Hosts per Network ID = 16,277,214

45
Q

class B

A

1st decimal value = 128 - 191
Addresses = 128.0.0.0 - 191.255.255.255
Hosts per Network ID = 65,534

46
Q

class C

A

1st decimal value = 192 - 233
Addresses = 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.255
Hosts per Network ID = 254

47
Q

class D

A

1st decimal value = 224 - 239
Addresses = 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255
Hosts per Network ID = multicast

48
Q

class E

A

1st decimal value = 240 - 254
Address = 240.0.0.0 - 254.255.255.255
Hosts per Network ID = experimental

49
Q

classful

A

describes traditional class blocks

50
Q

ICANN

A

international corporation for assigned names & numbers

manages IANA

51
Q

broadcast

A

every computer on the LAN hears a message

52
Q

unicast

A

1 computer sends a message directly to another

53
Q

multicast

A

single computer sends a packet to a group of interested computers

often used when routers comunicate

i.e. streaming video conference

54
Q

experimental addresses

A

addresses that are reserved & only used for occasional experimental reasons

55
Q

determine class by 1st binary octet

A 
A = 0
B = 10
C = 110
D = 1110
E = 1111
56
Q

CIDR

A

classless inter-domain routing

dividing up a class of IP addresses into smaller groups

done by ISP before distributing IP addresses

57
Q

benefits to subnetting

A

more efficient use of IP addresses

separation of networks for security

management of bandwidth utilization

58
Q

determine number of available hosts

A

2^x

x = number of zeroes in subnet mask (binary)

always 32 digits in subnet - subtract the “/x” value from 32 to find the number of 0’s

59
Q

calculating subnet masks

A

extend subnet extension until the necessary number of subnets have been created

60
Q

moving subnet extension by 1 digit

A

results in a possible value of 1 or 0

produces 2 subnets

often create more subnets than needed

61
Q

manual binary conversion to dotted decimal

A

128 - divide in half until you get to 1

place binary value under corresponding 8 digits

calculate sum of all values aligned with a 1

result is the dotted decimal value

62
Q

manual dotted decimal to binary conversion

A

128 - divide in half until you get to 1

place decimal value over 128

decimal greater than number it is over - subtract and add a 1 below that number

less than - place 0 under number and move to next value

63
Q

static address assignment

A

manually enter all IP information

64
Q

dynamic address assignment

A

server program automatically passes out all IP information to systems as they boot up or connect to the a network

65
Q

entering static IP information

A

Windows - IPv4 properties menu

OS X - Network Utility (System Preferences)

UNIX/Linux - Network Configuration or “ifconfig”

66
Q

DCHP

A

dynamic host configuration protocol

automatically assigns IP address whenever a computer connects to the network

67
Q

BOOTP

A

bootstrap protocol

former name for DCHP

68
Q

DCHP port numbers

A

UDP 67 - DHCP servers

UDP 68 - DHCP clients

69
Q

DCHP client

A

computer configured to use DHCP

70
Q

DHCP process

A

client boots up - automatically sends out a DHCP discover packet via the broadcast address

DHCP server responds with DHCP offer

DHCP client sends out DHCP request (accepting offer)

DHCP server sends DHCP acknowledgement & lists the MAC address & IP information given to DHCP client in a database

71
Q

DHCP scope

A

pool of IP addresses from which the DHCP server is configured to distribute IP addresses from

72
Q

information passed out by DHCP server

A

“options”

default gateway, DNS server, network time server, etc.

73
Q

DHCP reservations

A

DCHP configured to reserve IP addresses for specific machines

better to use static addressing in case DHCP server goes down

74
Q

DCHP lease

A

fixed amount of time in which a client is assigned DHCP information

usually 5 - 8 days

near end of lease - client makes another discover message

unless another client has taken lease - server always hands out the same information

75
Q

DHCP issues

A

client fails to get a DHCP address

gets IP address in the 169.254.0.0/16 network ID

76
Q

zero-configuration networking (zeroconfig)

A

method of generating special 199.254.0.0/16 IP address

77
Q

APIPA

A

automatic private IP addressing

Microsoft’s implementation of zeroconf

clients are designed to generate APIPA address automatically if they don’t receive response to DHCP discover message

78
Q

APIPA limitation

A

cannot issue default gateway

will not be able to connect to the Internet

79
Q

computer can’t connect to the internet

A

look for APIPA - DHCP problem

renew DHCP lease

80
Q

manually renew DHCP lease

A

Windows - “ipconfig /release” + “ipconfig /renew”

Linux/OS X - “sudo ifconfig eth0 down’ + “sudo ifconfig etho0 up”

81
Q

loopback address

A

127.0.0.1

tells device to send packets to itself

82
Q

private IP addresses

A
  1. 0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 (1 Class A network block)
  2. 16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 (16 Class B network blocks)
  3. 168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 (256 Class C network blocks)
    * All other IP addresses are private*

comptia network+ (9 decks)

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