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CompTIA Network+ > TCP/IP Applications > Flashcards

TCP/IP Applications Flashcards

1
Q

session

A

any singular communication between 1 computer & another

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2
Q

TCP

A

transmission control protocol

enables-connection oriented communication

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3
Q

TCP 3-way handshake

A

client sends a single SYN (synchronize) packet to server

server gets packet > returns single SYN, ACK (synchronize, acknowledge) packet

client then sends server a single ACK packet > immediately requests that server begin sending requested data

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4
Q

TCP sequence following 3-way handshake

A

server finishes sending requested data > sends FIN (finished) packet

client responds with ACK > sends its own FIN

server responds with ACK

session closed

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5
Q

UDP

A

user datagram protocol

short distance communication - integrity not important

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6
Q

DHCP (ports)

A

domain host control protocol

clients - UDP 67

servers - UDP 68

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7
Q

NTP / SNTP (ports)

A

network time protocol / simple network time protocol

synchronize clocks of devices on the network

enter IP address of NTP/SNTP server

UDP 123

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8
Q

TFTP

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

enables transfer of files using UDP from 1 machine to another

UDP port 69

No data protection > computers on same LAN

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9
Q

ICMP

A

Internet Control Message Protocol

works at layer 3 to deliver connectionless packets

disconnect messages

ping

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10
Q

echo request / reply

A

single ICMP packet sent by ping command

response to echo request (no firewall)

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11
Q

destination host unreachable

A

computer has no route to the address listed

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12
Q

request timed out

A

no echo reply is generated before the 1-second default time limit

ICMP queries may be blocked by firewall

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13
Q

unreachable default gateway

A

ICMP issues on exam

ping default gateway > destination host unreachable

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14
Q

Ping of Death

A

malformed ping packets

patched long ago > term is on exam

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15
Q

IGMP

A

Internet Group Management Protocol

enables routers to communicate with hosts to determine a “group” membership

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16
Q

multicast range

A

Small subnet of Class D (224/4)

224.0.0.0/4

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17
Q

IGMP group

A

multicast does not assign IP addresses to individual hosts

multicast group is assigned to a 224.0.0.0/4 address

devices in this group tell upstream router or switch that they wish to receive multicast messages

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18
Q

port numbers

A

16-bit values between 0 & 65535

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19
Q

well-known port numbers

A

numbers between 0 & 1023

reserved for specific TCP/IP applications

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20
Q

ephemeral port numbers

A

1024 - 5000

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21
Q

dynamic (private) port numbers

A

49152 - 65535

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22
Q

IANA recommened ephemeral port numbers

A

49152-65535

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23
Q

registered ports

A

1024 - 49151

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24
Q

socket (endpoint)

A

session information (IP address & port number) stored in the RAM for TCP/IP session (single computer)

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25
Q

socket pairs (endpoints)

A

connection data stored on 2 computers about the same connection

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26
Q

connection (session)

A

whole connection

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27
Q

command to list endpoints currently stored on a device

A

“netstat -n”

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28
Q

open (listening) port

A

socket that is prepared to respond to any IP packets destined for that socket’s port number

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29
Q

command to list listening ports

A

“netstat -an”

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30
Q

local address 0.0.0.0

A

open port works on all NICs

displayed this way even if computer only has 1 NIC

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31
Q

foreign address 0.0.0.0

A

no other computers are currently connected

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32
Q

established ports

A

active, working endpoint pairs

33
Q

close_wait

A

shows graceful closure in which each side of the conversation sees the session closing normally

34
Q

command to see which app is sending specific communication

A

“netstat -ano”

35
Q

process ID

A

every program running on your computer gets a number used by the OS to track all running programs

36
Q

command to see the NAME of a specific program sending a communication

A

“netstat -b”

37
Q

HTML

A

Hypertext Markup Language

38
Q

XML

A

Extensible Markup Language

39
Q

HTTP

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

underlying protocol used by the web

runs on TCP port 80 by default

40
Q

IIS

A

Internet Information Services

Microsoft’s web server platform

41
Q

Apache HTTP Server

A

Web server software run on the majority of UNIX / Linux boxes

~ 50% of active Web site on the Internet

42
Q

Active site

A

web site that is functioning by serving Web pages

43
Q

Parked sites

A

domain names that have been purchased / registered but don’t really do anything (Web or e-mail servers)

44
Q

web clients

A

browsers

read Web pages supplied by web servers

45
Q

URL

A

Uniform Resource Locator

complete name of the Web server (IP or DNS generated)

46
Q

downside to open ports

A

security vulnerability

47
Q

requirements for secure Internet app

A

authentication

encryption

norepudiation

48
Q

autentication

A

user name & password

49
Q

encryption

A

jumbling data so it can’t be read as plain text

50
Q

nonrepudiation

A

source is not able to deny a sent message

51
Q

SSL

A

Secure Sockets Layer

protocol developed by Netscape for transmitting private documents over the Internet

52
Q

how SSL works

A

public key is used to encrypt communication

encrypted communication is sent over a SSL connection

Decrypted at the receiving end using a private key

supported by all popular Web browsers & servers (HTTPS)

53
Q

HTTPS

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol over SSL

uses TCP port 443

“Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure”

54
Q

TLS

A

Transport Layer Security

more powerful replacement for SSL

operates functionally the same

55
Q

Telnet Protocol

A

legacy protocol used to access different mainframes from a singular dumb terminal

TCP port 23

no encryption

56
Q

SSH

A

Secure Shell

terminal emulation program that looks exactly like Telnet but encrypts the data and the authentication

TCP port 22

57
Q

host name

A

name or IP address of the computer to which you want to connect

58
Q

primary function of Telnet & SSH

A

enable control of a remote computer from a local computer over a network

59
Q

e-mail operational basics

A

e-mail sent to address

stored in electronic mailbox on e-mail server

tell e-mail client to download the message

60
Q

SMTP

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

protocol used by clients to send e-mail messages

TCP port 25

61
Q

POP3

A

Post Office Protocol version 3

1 / 2 protocols that receive e-mail from SMTP servers

TCP port 110

62
Q

IMAP4

A

Internet Message Access Protocol version 4

2 / 2 protocols that receive e-mail from SMTP servers

supports searching server for key words & creating folders

TCP port 143

63
Q

Web services

A

Gmail, Google Docs, Google Sheets, etc.

64
Q

Sendmail

A

Linux / UNIX

no interface

65
Q

Microsoft Exchange

A

Windows only

SMTP & POP3 capable

66
Q

e-mail server

A

accept incoming mail

sort mail for recipients into individual storage area mailboxes

kick back messages without known recipient

67
Q

e-mail client

A

programs that run on a computer to enable sending, receiving, & organizing of e-mail

68
Q

e-mail client communications

A

SMTP server - send mail

IMAP or POP server - download messages from mail server

69
Q

FTP

A

File Transfer Protocol

original protocol used on the Internet for transferring files

more reliable & faster than HTTP

can transfer with security & data integrity

70
Q

FTP ports

A

Active (legacy) - TCP ports 20 & 21

Passive - TCP port 21

71
Q

FTP site types

A

Anonymous - anyone can log on

Secured - credentials required

72
Q

FTP server

A

stores files

accepts incoming transmissions

verifies login credentials

transfers files

73
Q

FTP client

A

logs in to FTP site (Web site, command line, or FTP app)

downloads requested files onto local hard drive

74
Q

Most Web servers are also FTP servers

A

bundled versions are not as robust

75
Q

FTP limitations

A

not encrypted by default

most anonymous FTP sites limit the number of users that may download to ~ 500 at a time

76
Q

using browser at FTP client

A

“ftp://

some browsers limit features > Firefox only allows for anonymous logins

77
Q

active FTP

A

client sends FTP request out on port 21

FTP server responds - directed back to an ephemeral port using port 20

does not work with NAT & firewalls (do not recognize the incoming communication from port 20 as originating from within the network)

78
Q

passive FTP

A

client sends FTP request out on port 21

server sends back a random port number - telling client which port to listen on for data requests

client sends data to the port specified

client initiates the conversation - NAT router knows where to send incoming packets

client needs to be configured to expect incoming packets from passive FTP

79
Q

TFTP

A

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

transfers files using UDP port 69

no credentials

never use on non-secure networks

CompTIA Network+ (9 decks)

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