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CompTIA Network+ > Ethernet Basics > Flashcards

Ethernet Basics Flashcards

1
Q

Ethernet

A

networking technology based on bus topology

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2
Q

topology of every Ethernet since 90’s

A

hybrid star-bus

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3
Q

[blank] prevent monopolization of shared cable

A

frames

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4
Q

Ethernet traffic management

A

each computer listens on segment

sends frame when no other transmission are detected

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5
Q

basic Ethernet frame

A 
1 - MAC address of frame's recipient
2 - MAC address of sending system
3 - type of data
4 - data
5 - pad (if needed)
6 - FCS
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6
Q

preamble

A

7-byte series of binary followed by a 1-byte start frame

allows NIC to realize frame is coming & know where it starts

added by sending NIC

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7
Q

MAC address (bit & byte)

A

48-bit

6-byte

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8
Q

pad

A

minimum frame size - 64 bytes

fills remaining space when content does not reach 64 bytes

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9
Q

CSMA/CD

A

carrier sense multiple access/collision detection

determines which computer should use shared wire at a given moment

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10
Q

carrier sense

A

each node examines cable before sending frame

traffic detected - wait a few milliseconds - recheck

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11
Q

multiple access

A

all machines have equal access to the wire if cable is free

1st-come, 1st-served

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12
Q

collision

A

nodes transmit signal simultaneously

both signals are lost

hub sends overlapping signals - NICs immediately detect collision - stop transmitting

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13
Q

maximum acceptable collisions

A

10%

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14
Q

collision domain

A

group of nodes that have the capability of sending frames at the same time as each other

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15
Q

Ethernet collision domains are [blank]

A

segments or connected segments

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16
Q

bus Ethernet

A

thicknet - 10Base5 - vampire tap

thinnet - 10Base2 - T connector attached to NIC

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17
Q

thinnet specifics

A

RG-58 coax

BNC connects on ends

185 m limit

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18
Q

half-duplex vs. full-duplex

A

half - communicate in 1 direction at a time

full - send/receive simultaneously

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19
Q

TIA/EIA

A

Telecommunications Industry Association / Electronics Industries Alliance

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20
Q

current TIA/EIA standard

A

568C

same wiring standards as A & B

new name “ANSI/TIA-586-C”

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21
Q

TIA/EIA 568A

A 
1 - G / W
2- G
3 - O / W
4 - Bl
5 - Bl / W
6 - O
7 - Br / W
8 - Br

G - send | O - receive

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22
Q

TIA/EIA 568B

A 
1 - O / W 
2 - O
3 - G / W
4 - Bl
5 - Bl / W
6 - G
7 - Br / W
8 - Br

O - send | G - receive

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23
Q

sending pins

A

1 & 2

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24
Q

receiving ping

A

3 & 6

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25
Q

10BaseT

A
  • Speed = 10 Mbps
  • Signal Type = baseband
  • Distance = 100 meters between hub and node
  • Node Limit = No more than 1024
  • Topology = star-bus, physical star, logical bus
  • Cable Type = CAT 3 or better UTP cabling with RJ-45 connectors
26
Q

10BaseFL

A
  • Speed = 10 Mbps
  • Signal Type = baseband
  • Distance = 2000 meters between hub and node
  • Node Limit = no more than 1024
  • Topology = star-bus, physical star, logical bus
  • Cable Type = multimode fiber-optic cabling with ST or SC connectors
27
Q

[blank] used to interconnect different types of Ethernet

A

media converter

28
Q

couplers

A

extend Ethernet segments

double-female connectors

add machines not originally envisioned

29
Q

adding more ports for additional nodes

A

add more hubs

add a bridge

30
Q

2 methods of connecting hubs

A

uplink port > straight through cable from uplink port on 1 hub to any other port on the other hub

crossover cable > send/receive pairs are reversed to create operational connection - connects to regular port

31
Q

configuration for connecting multiple hubs

A

must use daisy chain > uplink port connects to 1 port on each attached hub

32
Q

different names for uplink ports

A

crossover > MDI-X > MDI > OUT

33
Q

line (marking) on hub between 2 ports may indicate [blank]

A

only 1 of these 2 ports may be used at a time

34
Q

MDI

A

media dependent interface

regular port on hub or switch

35
Q

MDIX or MDI-X

A

media dependent interface crossover

uplink port

36
Q

ends of crossover cable

A

1 end TIA/EIA 568A

1 end TIA/EIA 568B

37
Q

rollover cable

A

RJ-45 connector on 1 end > RS-232 serial port on the other

used to connect computer directly to Cisco switch or router

38
Q

straight-through cable connecting 2 PCs directly

A

both PCs will try to use the same send/receive wires

39
Q

plug 2 PCs into a hub

A

hub electronically crosses data wires

1 NIC sends > the other receives

40
Q

plug 2nd hub into 1st hub using regular ports

A

cross the cross

create a straight-through connection

41
Q

bridge

A

acts like a repeater or hub to connect 2 Ethernet networks

filters & forwards traffic between segments based on MAC address

preserves bandwidth

*layer 2 - work with MAC addresses”

42
Q

filter

A

stop traffic from crossing from 1 network to the next

43
Q

forward

A

pass traffic from 1 side of the bridge to the other

44
Q

10BaseT network with a hub can support [blank] signals on the wire at a time

A

1

45
Q

switch

A

effectively creates point-to-point connection between 2 computers on a network

allows for full access to the network bandwidth

essentially eliminate collisions

46
Q

SAT

A

source address table

table of MAC addresses generated by a switch

47
Q

SAT creation

A

switch starts off just like a hub > forwards incoming signals to all other ports

frames forwarded > switch copies MAC addresses

quickly creates table of MACs for each connected computer

48
Q

how switches allow access to full network bandwidth

A

each port on switch is its own collision domain

switch can buffer incoming frames

49
Q

half- vs. full-duplex switches

A

half-duplex have to follow CSMA/CD

full-duplex do not > don’t have to daisy chain

50
Q

Layer 2 switches

A

switch filters

run on MAC addresses

51
Q

unicast message

A

only sent to recipient MAC address

52
Q

broadcast message

A

sent to all connected ports

53
Q

domains of switch vs. hub networks

A

switch - broadcast domain

hub - collision domain

54
Q

Ethernet before switches

A

no difference between broadcast & collision domain

all messages were broadcast - went to all nodes

all nodes connected to the same bus

collisions were normal

55
Q

bridging loops (switching loops)

A

switches can be connected in any fashion

redundant connections (loops) may be created

crashed early switch networks

56
Q

STP

A

Spanning Tree Protocol

enabled switches can detect loops > communicate with other switches > set looped port’s state to blocking

57
Q

BPDU

A

Bridge Protocol Data Unit

type of frame used by switches to communicate with each other to determine things like distance between them & changes to the network

58
Q

STP-enabled switch receives frame from MAC address not contained in SAT

A

switch sends out a signal on every port to determine location of new device

flooding

all switches exchange information > update tables > set ports to forwarding or blocking

convergence

59
Q

bridge loops with modern switches

A

STP enabled on all modern switches

bridge loop designed intentionally to provide fault tolerance

link fails > blocking port becomes forwarding port to maintain traffic flow

60
Q

portfast

A

always forward traffic

61
Q

RTSP

A

Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

significantly faster convergence time

6 seconds compared to 50 seconds

62
Q

switch troubleshooting

A

connected device can’t access network

look for obvious changes

link lights > try a different port

check all connections & cables

replace cable or switch with 1 that is known to work

CompTIA Network+ (9 decks)

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