Network Naming

Question 1

name resolution

Answer 1

process that automatically converts computer names to IP addresses and vice versa

Question 2

DNS

Answer 2

Domain Name System

powerful, extensible, flexible system that supports name resolution

Question 3

NetBIOS / NetBEUI

Answer 3

computer boots up

broadcasts its name along with MAC address

every other system heard the message

stored information in its cache

system missing NetBIOS name > broadcast restarts

only applicable on small networks

no actual network sharing done

Question 4

NetBT

Answer 4

NetBIOS over TCP/IP

TCP ports 137 & 139

UDP ports 137 & 138

used by Windows systems for local network jobs

DNS used for everything else

Question 5

SMB

Answer 5

Server Message Block

ran on top of NetBT to support sharing of folders and files

not currently dependent on NetBIOS > used NetBIOS names to support sharing & access process

TCP port 445

Question 6

hosts

Answer 6

special text file used by the original TCP/IP specification for name resolution

Question 7

hosts file

Answer 7

contained a list of IP addresses for every computer on the Internet

matched to the corresponding system names

saved on every computer

Question 8

hosts file process

Answer 8

to access another system

looked up the name of that system in the host file

used corresponding address to connect

every OS always looks first the hosts file when attempting to resolve a name

can be manually configuring by editing the text file and saving

Question 9

DNS servers

Answer 9

special server program that runs DNS

Question 10

DNS ports

Answer 10

primarily UDP port 53

sometimes TCP 53

Question 11

DNS root servers

Answer 11

highest servers in the DNS delegation hierachy

13 powerful computers dispersed around the world

have complete definitive name resolution table

most name resolution work is delegated to other DNS servers

Question 12

Internet name

Answer 12

.

just “dot”

Question 13

top-level domain servers

Answer 13

just below the DNS root servers in the hierarchy

handle TLD names

Question 14

TLD names

Answer 14

Top-Level Domain

com, org, net, edu, gov, mil & int

Question 15

second-level DNS servers

Answer 15

TLD delegate to thousands of second-level servers

handle millions of names i.e. google.com & recreation.gov

Question 16

DNS example

Answer 16

DNS server controlling hermannpig.com

www 201.28.33.25

computer called www with this IP address

only computer controlling the hermannpig.com domain stores the actual IP address for www.hermannpig.com

DNS servers above this one have a hierarchical system that enables any other computer to find the DNS server that controls the hermannpig.com domain

Question 17

original TLD names

Answer 17

com
org
net
edu
gov
mil
int

Question 18

ICANN

Answer 18

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers

has authority to add new TLD names

Question 19

maximum characters for DNS names

Answer 19

255 including separating periods

Question 20

hierarchical name space

Answer 20

imaginary tree structure of all possible names that could be used within a single system

can name many files / addresses exactly the same as long as they are stored in different locations i.e. Windows file directory

Question 21

flat name space

Answer 21

large undivided list containing all names with no organization

Question 22

DNS name space

Answer 22

hierarchy of DNS domains & individual computers names organized into a tree

Question 23

DNS root

Answer 23

top of DNS tree

holding area to which all domains connect

Question 24

host names

Answer 24

individual computer names

fit into domains

Question 25

domains / subdomains

Answer 25

separated by a period

Question 26

DNS character limitations

Answer 26

uppercase & lowercase letters (does not differentiate)

numbers

hyphens

Question 27

DNS - Intranets

Answer 27

TCP/IP networks using DNS on small scale

servers aren’t connected to the internet

Question 28

reading domain names

Answer 28

from left to right

flow from host names to root

brant.domain

Question 29

FQDN

Answer 29

Fully Qualified Domain Name

complete DNS name - host name and all of its domains in order

Question 30

when TLD names are required

Answer 30

computers are visible on the internet i.e. com & net

Question 31

DNS server

Answer 31

computer running DNS server software

Question 32

zone

Answer 32

container for a single domain that gets filled with records

Question 33

record

Answer 33

line in the zone data that maps FQDN to IP address

Question 34

authoritative name server

Answer 34

1 DNS server with single zone

simple networks

powerful servers can host many zones

Question 35

name server

Answer 35

subordinate DNS servers to support the same domain

single domain - single authoritative domain server

Question 36

interconnected domain servers (single domain)

Answer 36

every server knows:

name and address of authoritative name server

name and address of every other name server in domain

Question 37

updating domain DNS servers

Answer 37

add new computers to authoritative name server

authoritative name server automatically distributes information throughout domain

Question 38

DNS root servers

Answer 38

know and forward requests to authoritative name servers of domain

should be 1 per domain

Question 39

T/F - Web servers have to be named “www”

Answer 39

False

Question 40

domain name arrangement

Answer 40

SecondLevel.TopLevel