Modern Ethernet

Question 1

100BaseT

Answer 1

• Speed: 100 Mbps
• Signal Type: Baseband
• Distance: 100 m between node and hub/switch
• Node Limit: 1024
• Topology: star-bus; physical star; logical bus
• Cable Type: CAT 5 or better UTP or STP cabling with RJ-45 connectors

also called Fast Ethernet & 100BaseTX

Question 2

baseband

Answer 2

only 1 type of signal is carried on the wire

Ethernet

Question 3

broadband

Answer 3

multiple signals flow over the same wire modulating to higher frequencies

cable TV & cable Internet

Question 4

all modern NICs are [blank]

Answer 4

multi-speed, auto-sensing

Question 5

when to use STP

Answer 5

short run in an area of high EMI

Question 6

100BaseFX

Answer 6

• Speed: 100 Mbps
• Signal Type: Baseband
• Distance: 2 km
• Node Limit: 1024
• Topology: star-bus; physical star; logical bus
• Cable Type: multimode fiber-optic cabling with ST or SC connectors

Question 7

FDDI

Answer 7

fiber distributed data interface

college campuses in 90’s

long distances at 100 Mbps

Question 8

1000BaseTX

Answer 8

CAT6 cabling

introduced to compete with 1000BaseT

died off early

Question 9

gigabit ethernet

1000BaseT

Answer 9

• Speed: 1 Gbps
• Signal Type: Baseband
• Distance: 100 m between node and hub/switch
• Node Limit: 1024
• Topology: star-bus; physical star; logical bus
• Cable Type: 4-pair CAT 5e/6 UTP or STP cabling with RJ-45 connectors

Question 10

CAT 7

Answer 10

each pair is surround by shield

Question 11

duplex negotiation

Answer 11

NIC & connected switch

connect at highest level mutually supported

10/100/1000

usually set to automatically negotiate in OS

Question 12

1000BaseCX

Answer 12

uses twinaxial (twinax) special shielded 150-Ohm cables

length limited to 25 m

limited popularity

Question 13

1000BaseSX

Answer 13

• Speed: 1 Gbps
• Cabling: MMF
• Wavelength: 850 nm
• Connectors: variable, commonly LC
• Length - 220-500 m

Question 14

1000BaseLX

Answer 14

• Speed: 1 Gbps
• Cabling: SMF
• Wavelength: 1300 nm
• Connectors: variable, commonly LC & SC
• Length: 5 km

Question 15

SFF

Answer 15

small form factor

improvement on larger ST & SC fiber connectors

Question 16

MT-RJ

Answer 16

mechanical transfer registered jack

Question 17

predominant fiber connector

Answer 17

LC-type connector

Question 18

PC connector

Answer 18

physical contact

2 pieces of fiber touch when inserted

highly polished & slightly spherical to reduce signal loss at point of connection

Question 19

flat-surface connector

Answer 19

older

left small gap between fibers due to imperfections in the glass

Question 20

UPC connector

Answer 20

ultra physical contact

polished extensively for superior finish

significantly reduces signal loss

Question 21

APC connector

Answer 21

angled physical contact

adds 8 degree angle to curved end > further reducing signal loss

connection does not degrade from multiple insertions

Question 22

media converters

Answer 22

simple boxes with a port or dongle on either side

used to connect any type of Ethernet cabling together

Question 23

common media converter variants

Answer 23

SMF to UTP/STP

MMF to UTP/STP

fiber to coaxial

SMF to MMF

Question 24

GBIC

Answer 24

gigabit interface converter

standard developed to support modular gigabit networks

modules can be replaced within hardware to convert from 1 type to another

i.e. RJ-45 to SC

Question 25

SFP

Answer 25

small form-factor plug-cable

smaller, swap-able module that has replaced GBIC

Question 26

defining factors of 10 GbE

Answer 26

type of fiber used

wavelength of laser

physical layer signaling type

factors also determine max signal distance

Question 27

10GBaseXY

X =

Answer 27

type of fiber & wavelength of laser

S = short wavelength

L = long wavelength

E = extra long wavelength

Question 28

10GBaseXY

Y =

Answer 28

physical layer signaling standard

R = LAN-based signaling

W = SONET / WAN based signaling

Question 29

10GBaseSR

Answer 29

Fiber Type = MMF
Wavelength = 850 nm
Physical Layer SIgnaling = LAN
Max Signal Length = 26 - 300 m

Question 30

10GBaseSW

Answer 30

Fiber Type = MMF
Wavelength = 850 nm
Physical Layer SIgnaling = SONET / WAN
Max Signal Length = 26 - 300 m

Question 31

10GBaseLR

Answer 31

Fiber Type = SMF
Wavelength = 1310 nm
Physical Layer SIgnaling = LAN
Max Signal Length = 10 km

Question 32

10GBaseLW

Answer 32

Fiber Type = SMF
Wavelength = 1310 nm
Physical Layer SIgnaling = SONET / WAN
Max Signal Length = 10 km

Question 33

10GBaseER

Answer 33

Fiber Type = SMF
Wavelength = 1550 nm
Physical Layer SIgnaling = LAN
Max Signal Length = 40 km

Question 34

10GBaseEW

Answer 34

Fiber Type = SMF
Wavelength = 1550 nm
Physical Layer SIgnaling = SONET / WAN
Max Signal Length = 40 km

Question 35

most common 10 GbE standard

Answer 35

10BaseLR

lest expensive

Question 36

10GBaseLRM

Answer 36

uses MMF rather than SMF

distance drops to 220 m for most variants

Question 37

10GBaseT

Answer 37

Cabling = CAT 6 / 6a UTP
Cable Details = 4-pair / full-duplex
Connectors = RJ-45
Max Length = 55 / 100 m

Question 38

MSAs

Answer 38

multisource agreements

agreements among manufacturers to make interoperable devices and standards

Question 39

MSA-base modules

Answer 39

plugs into 10 GbE equipment

enables conversion between media types by inserting the correct transceiver

Question 40

common MSA module

Answer 40

XENPAK

Question 41

SFP+

Answer 41

enhanced small form-factor pluggable

1 of the most popular 10 GbE transceivers

Question 42

multispeed Ethernet network

Answer 42

series of high speed (compared to the rest of the network) switches maintain the backbone network

no computers (except maybe some servers) connect to the backbone

each floor has its own switch that connects to all nodes

each floor has a high speed connection to the main backbone switch for that floor

must have switch with dedicated high speed ports (often fiber)