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CompTIA Network+ > Network Models > Flashcards

Network Models Flashcards

1
Q

ISO

A

International Organization of Standardization

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2
Q

OSI

A

Open Systems Interconnection

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3
Q

importance of models in networking

A

provides standardization across networks of different manufacturers

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4
Q

OSI 7 layer model encourages [blank]

A

modular design

limited integration between layers

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5
Q

layers of OSI 7-layer model

A

1) Physical
2) Data Link
3) Network
4) Transport
5) Session
6) Presentation
7) Application

PDNTSPA: Please Do Not Think Saruman Proved Allegiance

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6
Q

OSI layer 1

A

anything that moves data between machines

copper cabling, fiber-optics, radio waves, etc.

central box, NIC, hub

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7
Q

UTP

A

unshielded twisted pair

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8
Q

number of wires in UTP cable

A

8 wires - 4 pairs

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9
Q

type of wire in UTP cable

A

copper

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10
Q

central box

A

device that handles flow of information from every computer to each other computer

each system on network has its own cable running to central box

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11
Q

NIC

A

Network Interface Card

interface between PC (device) & network

contains host firmware & MAC address

creates / sends & reads / receives frames

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12
Q

MAC address

A

media access control address

48-bit value

never shared

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13
Q

OUI

A

organizationally unique identifier

1st 6 digits (24 bits) of MAC address

NIC manufacturer number

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14
Q

device ID

A

last 6 digits (24 bits) of MAC address

serial number for NIC

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15
Q

Windows command to view MAC address

A

ipconfig /all

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16
Q

other names for MAC address

A

MAC-48 & EUI-48 > IEEE

physical address

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17
Q

IEEE

A

Institute of Electrical & Electronic Engineers

defines industry-wide standards that promote the use & implementation of technology

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18
Q

order of generic frame

A

recipient’s MAC address

sender’s MAC address

Type

Data

FCS

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19
Q

binary electrical transmission

A

1 - charge on the wire

0 - no charge on the wire

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20
Q

frame

A

container for discrete amount of data moving across a network

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21
Q

frame type

A

specific network technology of the frame

all NICs on network must use the same frame type

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22
Q

FCS

A

frame check sequence

uses cyclic redundancy check (CRC) - binary math - to verify data arrived intact

sending system generates key used by receiving system

most only 4 bytes long > check up to 1500 bytes

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23
Q

MAC addressing

A

use of MAC addresses to get frames to the recipient

usually not configured - Ethernet uses MAC assigned by manufacturer

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24
Q

frame size limitations

A

most frames hold 1500 bytes of data

sent data exceeding frame size - broken into frame-sized chunks

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25
Q

hub

A

essentially just a repeater (early networks)

made copies of frame - sent to every other system on the network

only NIC to which frame was addressed would process that frame

all other NICs erase frame

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26
Q

switch

A

filters traffic by MAC address

sends frame only to recipient MAC address

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27
Q

recipient MAC not already known/cached

A

NIC sends broadcast on network to request MAC

every NIC on network processes the frame

address request contained in frame data

IP address used to isolate target computer

desired system reads request - responds with MAC address

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28
Q

broadcast MAC address

A

FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF

29
Q

complete frame movement

A

1 - sending system OS hands data to its NIC
2 - NIC builds frame
3 - NIC adds FCS & data to frame
4 - NIC adds destination & its own MAC address
5 - NIC waits for cable to be free - sends frame on cable through network
6 - Frame moves to central box (hub/switch)
7 - Receiving NIC applies FCS - strips off all framing information-sends to OS

30
Q

OSI layer 2

A

any device that deals with a MAC address

provides DLC

NIC, switch

only later with sub-layers

31
Q

DLC

A

data link control

32
Q

LLC

A

logical link control

aspect of NIC that talks to OS - handles multiple network protocols & provides flow control

drivers

sub-layer

33
Q

MAC

A

media access control

creates & addresses frame

adds or checks FCS

sub-layer

34
Q

NIC in OSI layers 1 & 2

A

1 - puts frame on cable

2 - assembles frame

go with 2 if asked to pick 1 answer

35
Q

TCP

A

Transmission Control Protocol

36
Q

IP

A

Internet Protocol

37
Q

range of each 8-bit number in IP address

A

0 - 255

38
Q

[blank] make logical addressing powerful

A

routers

39
Q

TCP/IP data encapsulation

A

packet inside a frame

frame header - packet header - data - FCS

40
Q

packet enters router

A

router removes incoming frame

determines destination via IP address

creates new frame

sends packet

new frame will match technology of of that attached to receiving router

41
Q

packet reaches destination subnet router

A

router removes frame

replaces with frame containing destination MAC address that matches destination IP address

42
Q

OSI layer 3 hardware

A

router

last layer that deals directly with hardware

43
Q

OSI layer 4

A

assembly & disassembly

initiates requests to resend problematic packets

44
Q

TCP/IP transport - sending data

A

serving computer receives request

must break up data to fit within a packet

organize packets for receiving system

hand packets to NIC for sending

45
Q

TCP/IP transport - receiving data

A

receiving computer must be able to recognize a series of incoming packets

correctly reassemble packets based on information from sending system

verify all data arrived intact

46
Q

transport protocol breaks data into [blank]

A

segments - get sequence number (TCP)

datagrams - no sequence number (UDP)

47
Q

sequencing number

A

allows receiving system to know the total number of packets & their arrangement

48
Q

OSI layer 5

A

connecting applications to applications

limited time of communication between 2 systems

client/server or computer/computer

initiates, accepts, opens/closes sessions

49
Q

Windows command to display all running sessions

A

netstat

50
Q

OSI layer 6

A

translation

translates data from lower layers into a format usable by the Application layer & vice versa

51
Q

OSI layer 7

A

network applications

web browsers, Office, Quicktime, etc.

code built into every OS to enable network-aware apps

52
Q

API

A

application programming interface

used by programmers to make apps network-aware

53
Q

encapsulation

A

entire process of preparing data to go onto a network

OSI layers 2 - 7

54
Q

de-encapsulation

A

process of removing all extra header information as data travels up the stack

55
Q

layers of TCP/IP model

A

1 - link / network interface
2 - Internet
3 - transport
4 - application

LITA: Legolas Is Trained Archer

OSI layers 5-7 linked together*

56
Q

TCP/IP link layer

A

“network interface layer”

all physical components (minus router)

any part of network that deals with complete frames

57
Q

TCP/IP Internet layer

A

“IP packet” layer

any device or protocol that deals with pure IP packets - getting packet to destination

creation of IP packets

IP addressing

router

58
Q

TCP/IP transport layer

A

assembly & disassembly of packets

defines connection-oriented vs. connectionless communication

OSI layers 5 - 7

59
Q

connection-oriented communication

A

connection verified before data is sent (TCP)

60
Q

connectionless communication

A

data sent without verifying receiving system is ready (UDP)

61
Q

UDP

A

user datagram protocol

62
Q

TCP segment

A

remaining data after removing IP address from packet

fields ensure connection-oriented communication works properly & data arrives intact

63
Q

TCP segment fields

A

checksum

flags

acknowledgement

64
Q

TCP creation

A

data received from application layer

transport layer:

breaks data into discrete sections - adds port number & sequence number (creates TCP segment)

hands TCP segment to Internet layer to create IP packet

65
Q

UDP creation

A

receives data from application layer

adds port & length numbers + checksum

missing fields > doesn’t care about data integrity

66
Q

TCP/IP application layer

A

every application must know how to initiate, control, & disconnect from a remote system

no application requires any particular form of presentation as in OSI model

all TCP/IP apps are network-aware by definition

67
Q

TCP/IP data structures per layer

A

link - frame

internet - IP packet

transport - TCP segment / UDP datagram

application - data

68
Q

flow control

A

provides mean for receiver to govern the amount of data sent by sender

TCP using windowing by default - decrease window to slow down transmitting host - receiving host does not overflow buffers

CompTIA Network+ (9 decks)

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