TCOGE: Regulation of translation

Question 1

The process of RNA inhibiting translation is known as ____ _____.

Answer 1

RNA interference

Question 2

how does microRNA inhibit translation?

Answer 2

• microRNA binds with a protien complex, forming a new RNA-induced silencing complex.
• microRNA then binds to complementary bases on mRNA. This prevents transcription in one of tow ways:
• Prevents ribosomes from attaching
  OR
• Destroys the mRNA

Question 3

In which stage of protein synthesis does RNA interference inhibit?

Answer 3

Translation

Question 4

sIRNA is ______-stranded.

Answer 4

Double

Question 5

How does ssRNA prevent translation?

Answer 5

• Prevents a ribosome attaching to the mRNA
• Destroys the mRNA

Question 6

How do ssRNA and microRNA specifically inhibit translation by ‘destroying the mRNA’?

Answer 6

Enzymes in the protein complex can cut the mRNA.

Question 7

What are the 2 types of RNA that can carry out RNA interference?

Answer 7

• microRNA (miRNA)
• small interfering RNA (siRNA)

Question 8

What is the difference between how microRNA and siRNA carry out RNA interference?

Answer 8

siRNA is double stranded, so in order to bind with an mRNA molecule, a strand is removed to form single-stranded RNA (ssRNA)

Question 9

How is single-stranded (ssRNA) formed?

Answer 9

Small-interfering RNA is double stranded
In order for it to bind with an mRNA molecule, a strand must be removed (so it is single stranded)
This single strand is called single-stranded RNA.