ORTCITIAEE: Control of blood glucose concentration Flashcards
What happens to cells if BGC becomes too low?
Cells will be unable to respire and die.
What happes to cells if BGC becomes too high?
The water potential of the blood will decrease, so too much water will move out the cells.
What are the three main hormones that impact BGC?
- Insulin
- Glucagon
- Adrenaline (not really a main one)
Where is adrenaline released from?
Adrenal glands.
Adrenaline is released from the adrenal gland in response to _______.
Stress.
Where is insulin released from?
Pancreas- Islet of Langerhans
Where is glucagon released from?
Pancreas- Islet of Langerhans
Both insulin and glucagon are released from the islet of Langerhans within the pancreas in response to a ____________.
Change in BGC.
What do alpha cells do?
Detect a decrease in blood glucose concentration.
Alpha cells release ________ in response to a decrease in blood glucose concentration.
Glucagon.
What type of cells release glucagon?
Alpha cells
Beta cells release ______ in response to an increase in blood glucose concentration.
Insulin
What do beta cells do?
Detect an increase in blood glucose concentration.
What type of cells release insulin?
Beta cells
Give a brief description of how insulin decreases BGC when working with a liver cell:
1) When insulin is released by beta cells it binds to complementary receptors on the CSM of the liver cell.
2) Causes vesicles in the cell to increase the number of channel proteins present in the CSM.
3) Increases the amount of glucose that can enter the cell by FD- decreasing BGC.
4) Enzymes are activated that convert glucose into glycogen.
Give a brief description of how glucagon increases BGC when working with a liver cell:
1) When glucagon is released by alpha cells it binds to complementary receptors on the CSM of the liver cell.
2) Enzymes and protein kinase is activated that convert glycogen into glucose, and glycerol/amino acids into glucose.
3) This glucose moves into the blood by FD- increasing BGC.
What role does adrenaline play in managing BGC?
- Adrenaline binds to complementary receptors on the CSM of the liver cell.
- Activates enzymes and protein kinase that convert glycogen into glucose
Explain the second messenger model of glucagon and adrenaline:
- (Based around the conversion of glycogen into glucose)
- Glucagon and adrenaline are first messengers- when they bind to a receptor they activate adenylate cyclase which converts ATP into cAMP
- cAMP binds and activates protein kinase (which converts glycogen into glucose).
