ETIABO: Respiration- Glycolysis

Question 1

What is the first stage of respiration?

Answer 1

Glycolysis

Question 2

Name the products created in glycolysis:

Answer 2

Glucose –> Glucose phosphate –> 2x triose phosphate –> 2x pyruvate

Question 3

Why is glycolysis the suitable first step in aerobic AND anaerobic respiration?

Answer 3

Doesn’t require oxygen

Question 4

To carry out both aerobic and anaerobic respiration we need ______.

Answer 4

Glucose

Question 5

How many carbons does glucose contain?

Answer 5

6

Question 6

In a cell, where does glycolysis take place?

Answer 6

Cytoplasm

Question 7

How many carbons does pyruvate contain?

Answer 7

3

Question 8

Glucose undergoes __________, which produces glucose phosphate.

Answer 8

Phosphorylation

Question 9

Where does glucose phosphate get its 2 phosphate molecules from?

Answer 9

Two ATP molecules, which are hydrolysed to form ADP + Pi

Question 10

How many phosphates does glucose phosphate have?

Answer 10

2

Question 11

The conversion of glucose into glucose phosphate requires ____.

Answer 11

ATP

Question 12

When glucose enters a cell’s cytoplasm, how many phosphate groups are added?

Answer 12

2

Question 12

Why does the conversion of glucose into glucose phosphate require ATP?

Answer 12

Two phosophate groups are given to the glucose molecule from two hydrolysed ATP molecules

Question 13

An _____ adds 2 phosphate groups to glucose to form glucose phosphate.

Answer 13

Enzyme

Question 14

What happens in phosphorylation of glucose?

Answer 14

Glucose has two phosphate groups added to it.

Question 15

Explain how glucose is converted into glucose phosphate:

Answer 15

• Glucose enters the cell’s cytoplasm.
• An enzyme adds two phosphate groups to glucose in a process known as phosphorylation.
• These phosphate groups are available due to the breakdown of two ATP molecules.
• This produces glucose phosphate.

Question 16

What does glucose phosphate breaks down into?

Answer 16

2 triose phosphate molecules

Question 17

Each triose phosphate molecules has __ carbon atom.

Answer 17

1

Question 18

The conversion of glucose phosphate produces __ triose phosphate molecules.

Answer 18

2

Question 19

Each triose phosphate molecule produces a ______ molecule.

Answer 19

Pyruvate

Question 20

Explain how a triose phosphate molecule is converted into a pyruvate molecule:

Answer 20

• A phosphate group is added meaning 2 ADP molecules are converted into 2 ATP molecules.
• NAD is reduced- forming NADH
• Pyruvate is formed

Question 21

Overall, how many ATP molecules are created?

Answer 21

4

Question 22

Overall, how many ATP molecules are gained (yield)?

Answer 22

2

Question 23

The conversion of a single triose phosphate molecule to pyruvate produces ___ ATP molecules.

Answer 23

2

Question 24

Glucose enters the cytoplasm of a cell through __________.

Answer 24

Facilitated diffusion

Question 25

In order for glucose to enter the cytoplasm of a cell via facilitated diffusion, a ______ ______ specific to glucose must be present.

Answer 25

Transport protein

Question 26

Why is it bad if there is a higher concentration of glucose inside a cell than outside of it and how do we combat this?

Answer 26

- Glucose will not diffuse into the cell via facilitated diffusion, but will instead diffuse out of the cell. - Meaning that glucose is unable to be used for respiration as it is not inside the cell. -Our cells trap the glucose inside it by adding phosphate groups to them. - Converting glucose into glucose phosphate, which cannot travel through the transport protein.

Question 27

Oxidation is ______.

Answer 27

Loosing

Question 28

Reduction is ______.

Answer 28

Gaining