ETIABO: Respiration- Glycolysis Flashcards
Glycolysis is the first stage of anaerobic and aerobic respiration. It occurs in the cytoplasm and is an anaerobic process. Glycolysis involves the following stages: phosphorylation of glucose to glucose phosphate, using ATP production of triose phosphate oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate with a net gain of ATP and reduced NAD.
What is the first stage of respiration?
Glycolysis
Name the products created in glycolysis:
Glucose –> Glucose phosphate –> 2x triose phosphate –> 2x pyruvate
Why is glycolysis the suitable first step in aerobic AND anaerobic respiration?
Doesn’t require oxygen
To carry out both aerobic and anaerobic respiration we need ______.
Glucose
How many carbons does glucose contain?
6
In a cell, where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
How many carbons does pyruvate contain?
3
Glucose undergoes __________, which produces glucose phosphate.
Phosphorylation
Where does glucose phosphate get its 2 phosphate molecules from?
Two ATP molecules, which are hydrolysed to form ADP + Pi
How many phosphates does glucose phosphate have?
2
The conversion of glucose into glucose phosphate requires ____.
ATP
When glucose enters a cell’s cytoplasm, how many phosphate groups are added?
2
Why does the conversion of glucose into glucose phosphate require ATP?
Two phosophate groups are given to the glucose molecule from two hydrolysed ATP molecules
An _____ adds 2 phosphate groups to glucose to form glucose phosphate.
Enzyme
What happens in phosphorylation of glucose?
Glucose has two phosphate groups added to it.
Explain how glucose is converted into glucose phosphate:
- Glucose enters the cell’s cytoplasm.
- An enzyme adds two phosphate groups to glucose in a process known as phosphorylation.
- These phosphate groups are available due to the breakdown of two ATP molecules.
- This produces glucose phosphate.
What does glucose phosphate breaks down into?
2 triose phosphate molecules
Each triose phosphate molecules has __ carbon atom.
1
The conversion of glucose phosphate produces __ triose phosphate molecules.
2
Each triose phosphate molecule produces a ______ molecule.
Pyruvate
Explain how a triose phosphate molecule is converted into a pyruvate molecule:
- A phosphate group is added meaning 2 ADP molecules are converted into 2 ATP molecules.
- NAD is reduced- forming NADH
- Pyruvate is formed
Overall, how many ATP molecules are created?
4
Overall, how many ATP molecules are gained (yield)?
2
The conversion of a single triose phosphate molecule to pyruvate produces ___ ATP molecules.
2
Glucose enters the cytoplasm of a cell through __________.
Facilitated diffusion
In order for glucose to enter the cytoplasm of a cell via facilitated diffusion, a ______ ______ specific to glucose must be present.
Transport protein
Why is it bad if there is a higher concentration of glucose inside a cell than outside of it and how do we combat this?
- Glucose will not diffuse into the cell via facilitated diffusion, but will instead diffuse out of the cell.
- Meaning that glucose is unable to be used for respiration as it is not inside the cell.
-Our cells trap the glucose inside it by adding phosphate groups to them.
- Converting glucose into glucose phosphate, which cannot travel through the transport protein.
Oxidation is ______.
Loosing
Reduction is ______.
Gaining
