GPEE: Populations

Question 1

Give the Hardy-Weinberg principle:

Answer 1

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 2

What does ‘p^2’ stand for in the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Answer 2

probability of homozygous dominant.

Question 3

What does ‘q^2’ stand for in the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Answer 3

Probability of homozygous recessive.

Question 4

What are the five assumptions that must remain true for the Hardy-Weinberg principle?

Answer 4

• No mutation
• Random mating between all genotypes
• No selection pressure/selective advantage
• Large population size
• No migration (gene flow)

Question 5

What does the Hardy-Weinberg principle state?

Answer 5

Allele frequencies will remain constant from generation to generation.

Question 6

What letter do we use to represent blood?

Answer 6

i

Question 7

Give the 1 allele combination for blood type AB:

Answer 7

i^A i^B

Question 8

Give the 2 allele combinations for blood type A:

Answer 8

i^A i^A
i^A i^O

Question 9

Give the 2 allele combinations for blood type B:

Answer 9

i^B i^B
i^B i^O

Question 10

Give the 1 allele combination for blood type O:

Answer 10

i^O i^O

Question 11

Define gene pool:

Answer 11

All the alleles in the population

Question 12

Define allele frequency:

Answer 12

Probability of an allele appearing in the gene pool.q

Question 13

What does ‘p’ mean in the hardy-weinburg principle?

Answer 13

dominant allele

Question 14

What does ‘q’ mean in the hardy-weinburg principle?

Answer 14

recessive allele

Question 15

Give the basic equation to calculate the frequency of just two alleles:

Answer 15

p + q = 1

Question 16

What calculation do we use to calculate the frequency of allele pairs in a population?

Answer 16

p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 17

What does ‘2pq’ represent?

Answer 17

The probability of a heterozygous individual