TCAL TEST (AI) Flashcards
During the germinal period of development, which of the following is most crucial for the embryo’s survival?
* A. Growth of the brain
* B. Development of major organs
* C. Attachment to the uterine wall
* D. Formation of reflexes
C. Attachment to the uterine wall
A mother notices her newborn has a strong grasp when her finger is placed in the baby’s hand. This is an example of:
* A. Fine motor skills
* B. Reflex behavior
* C. Gross motor development
* D. Intentional movement
B. Reflex behavior
When a preschool child believes that calling all four-legged animals “dogs” is correct, this reflects Piaget’s concept of:
* A. Accommodation
* B. Assimilation
* C. Object permanence
* D. Egocentrism
B. Assimilation
Which type of play would most likely encourage cooperation and problem-solving among preschool children?
* A. Onlooker play
* B. Solitary play
* C. Cooperative play
* D. Parallel play
C. Cooperative play
Which best illustrates a child in Erikson’s “Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt” stage?
* A. A child learns to trust their parent’s response
* B. A child learns to do simple tasks independently
* C. A child initiates games with peers
* D. A child reflects on life achievements
B. A child learns to do simple tasks independently
A teacher notices that a 2-year-old is primarily interested in stacking blocks alone rather than playing with others. This is likely an example of:
* A. Associative play
* B. Solitary play
* C. Parallel play
* D. Cooperative play
B. Solitary play
When a child starts to understand that a hidden toy still exists, they are demonstrating:
* A. Egocentrism
* B. Accommodation
* C. Object permanence
* D. Concrete operational thought
C. Object permanence
According to Freud, a child who struggles with self-control during toilet training may have difficulties in which stage?
* A. Oral
* B. Anal
* C. Phallic
* D. Latency
B. Anal
A teacher notices that a student finds it hard to see situations from another’s perspective, often assuming everyone shares their views. This demonstrates:
* A. Object permanence
* B. Egocentrism
* C. Assimilation
* D. Reversibility
B. Egocentrism
When a child realizes that the amount of liquid remains the same even when poured into a different-shaped container, they are demonstrating:
* A. Conservation
* B. Accommodation
* C. Assimilation
* D. Object permanence
A. Conservation
A child who plays alongside peers without interacting directly is likely in which play stage?
* A. Associative play
* B. Solitary play
* C. Cooperative play
* D. Parallel play
D. Parallel play
During which stage in Erikson’s theory does a person develop a sense of purpose and ability to take initiative?
* A. Trust vs. Mistrust
* B. Initiative vs. Guilt
* C. Autonomy vs. Shame
* D. Industry vs. Inferiority
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
Vygotsky’s concept of the Zone of Proximal Development suggests that learning is most effective when:
* A. The child works independently
* B. The child collaborates with a peer of similar ability
* C. Tasks are challenging but achievable with guidance
* D. Tasks are too advanced to complete without help
C. Tasks are challenging but achievable with guidance
An 8-year-old prefers structured play and rule-based games. According to Piaget, they are in the:
* A. Sensorimotor stage
* B. Preoperational stage
* C. Concrete operational stage
* D. Formal operational stage
C. Concrete operational stage
A child using crayons to scribble shapes on paper is demonstrating:
* A. Fine motor skills
* B. Reflexive behavior
* C. Gross motor skills
* D. Sensory exploration
A. Fine motor skills
Adolescents struggling with a sense of belonging and self-image are likely navigating which of Erikson’s stages?
* A. Identity vs. Role Confusion
* B. Intimacy vs. Isolation
* C. Autonomy vs. Shame
* D. Initiative vs. Guilt
A. Identity vs. Role Confusion
In Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, a child making decisions to avoid punishment is in which stage?
* A. Interpersonal conformity
* B. Obedience and punishment orientation
* C. Social contract orientation
* D. Authority-maintaining orientation
B. Obedience and punishment orientation
According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, a child’s school and family belong to the:
* A. Exosystem
* B. Mesosystem
* C. Macrosystem
* D. Microsystem
D. Microsystem
During adolescence, when a child begins forming their identity and value system, they are primarily influenced by:
* A. Peers and social groups
* B. Parental guidance alone
* C. Societal laws
* D. Early childhood experiences
A. Peers and social groups
Piaget’s concept of accommodation occurs when a child:
* A. Adds new information to an existing schema
* B. Adjusts a schema to incorporate new experiences
* C. Recognizes an object exists even if unseen
* D. Interacts with peers for the first time
B. Adjusts a schema to incorporate new experiences
