TCAL TEST (AI) Flashcards
During the germinal period of development, which of the following is most crucial for the embryo’s survival?
* A. Growth of the brain
* B. Development of major organs
* C. Attachment to the uterine wall
* D. Formation of reflexes
C. Attachment to the uterine wall
A mother notices her newborn has a strong grasp when her finger is placed in the baby’s hand. This is an example of:
* A. Fine motor skills
* B. Reflex behavior
* C. Gross motor development
* D. Intentional movement
B. Reflex behavior
When a preschool child believes that calling all four-legged animals “dogs” is correct, this reflects Piaget’s concept of:
* A. Accommodation
* B. Assimilation
* C. Object permanence
* D. Egocentrism
B. Assimilation
Which type of play would most likely encourage cooperation and problem-solving among preschool children?
* A. Onlooker play
* B. Solitary play
* C. Cooperative play
* D. Parallel play
C. Cooperative play
Which best illustrates a child in Erikson’s “Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt” stage?
* A. A child learns to trust their parent’s response
* B. A child learns to do simple tasks independently
* C. A child initiates games with peers
* D. A child reflects on life achievements
B. A child learns to do simple tasks independently
A teacher notices that a 2-year-old is primarily interested in stacking blocks alone rather than playing with others. This is likely an example of:
* A. Associative play
* B. Solitary play
* C. Parallel play
* D. Cooperative play
B. Solitary play
When a child starts to understand that a hidden toy still exists, they are demonstrating:
* A. Egocentrism
* B. Accommodation
* C. Object permanence
* D. Concrete operational thought
C. Object permanence
According to Freud, a child who struggles with self-control during toilet training may have difficulties in which stage?
* A. Oral
* B. Anal
* C. Phallic
* D. Latency
B. Anal
A teacher notices that a student finds it hard to see situations from another’s perspective, often assuming everyone shares their views. This demonstrates:
* A. Object permanence
* B. Egocentrism
* C. Assimilation
* D. Reversibility
B. Egocentrism
When a child realizes that the amount of liquid remains the same even when poured into a different-shaped container, they are demonstrating:
* A. Conservation
* B. Accommodation
* C. Assimilation
* D. Object permanence
A. Conservation
A child who plays alongside peers without interacting directly is likely in which play stage?
* A. Associative play
* B. Solitary play
* C. Cooperative play
* D. Parallel play
D. Parallel play
During which stage in Erikson’s theory does a person develop a sense of purpose and ability to take initiative?
* A. Trust vs. Mistrust
* B. Initiative vs. Guilt
* C. Autonomy vs. Shame
* D. Industry vs. Inferiority
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
Vygotsky’s concept of the Zone of Proximal Development suggests that learning is most effective when:
* A. The child works independently
* B. The child collaborates with a peer of similar ability
* C. Tasks are challenging but achievable with guidance
* D. Tasks are too advanced to complete without help
C. Tasks are challenging but achievable with guidance
An 8-year-old prefers structured play and rule-based games. According to Piaget, they are in the:
* A. Sensorimotor stage
* B. Preoperational stage
* C. Concrete operational stage
* D. Formal operational stage
C. Concrete operational stage
A child using crayons to scribble shapes on paper is demonstrating:
* A. Fine motor skills
* B. Reflexive behavior
* C. Gross motor skills
* D. Sensory exploration
A. Fine motor skills
Adolescents struggling with a sense of belonging and self-image are likely navigating which of Erikson’s stages?
* A. Identity vs. Role Confusion
* B. Intimacy vs. Isolation
* C. Autonomy vs. Shame
* D. Initiative vs. Guilt
A. Identity vs. Role Confusion
In Kohlberg’s stages of moral development, a child making decisions to avoid punishment is in which stage?
* A. Interpersonal conformity
* B. Obedience and punishment orientation
* C. Social contract orientation
* D. Authority-maintaining orientation
B. Obedience and punishment orientation
According to Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory, a child’s school and family belong to the:
* A. Exosystem
* B. Mesosystem
* C. Macrosystem
* D. Microsystem
D. Microsystem
During adolescence, when a child begins forming their identity and value system, they are primarily influenced by:
* A. Peers and social groups
* B. Parental guidance alone
* C. Societal laws
* D. Early childhood experiences
A. Peers and social groups
Piaget’s concept of accommodation occurs when a child:
* A. Adds new information to an existing schema
* B. Adjusts a schema to incorporate new experiences
* C. Recognizes an object exists even if unseen
* D. Interacts with peers for the first time
B. Adjusts a schema to incorporate new experiences
If a teacher provides just enough assistance to help a child understand a new concept, they are practicing:
* A. Modeling
* B. ZPD extension
* C. Scaffolding
* D. Direct instruction
C. Scaffolding
A toddler learning to button their shirt with their parent’s help is in which ZPD category?
* A. Out of reach
* B. Can do alone
* C. Can do with help
* D. Beyond understanding
C. Can do with help
A 6-year-old who draws houses with people and pets shows development in:
* A. Reflexive behavior
* B. Fine motor skills
* C. Gross motor skills
* D. Schema expansion
B. Fine motor skills
An adolescent arguing with parents about societal issues reflects Piaget’s:
* A. Concrete operational thought
* B. Preoperational thought
* C. Formal operational thought
* D. Sensorimotor stage
C. Formal operational thought
Vygotsky suggested that language development primarily occurs through:
* A. Self-exploration
* B. Peer isolation
* C. Social interaction
* D. Independent play
C. Social interaction
When a 10-year-old follows classroom rules primarily to avoid disapproval from their teacher, they are in which moral stage?
* A. Universal ethical principles
* B. Authority and social-order maintaining
* C. Interpersonal accord and conformity
* D. Self-interest orientation
C. Interpersonal accord and conformity
An infant who searches for a toy hidden under a blanket shows:
* A. Conservation
* B. Object permanence
* C. Egocentrism
* D. Deferred imitation
B. Object permanence
A child experiencing frustration when unable to reach a toy illustrates:
* A. Emotional regulation
* B. Motor skill deficit
* C. Cognitive frustration
* D. Reactive response
A. Emotional regulation
Kohlberg’s concept of “social contract orientation” aligns with which value?
* A. Punishment avoidance
* B. Peer conformity
* C. Justice and fairness
* D. Rule obedience
C. Justice and fairness
During “Industry vs. Inferiority,” a school-aged child gains a sense of competence through:
* A. Social acceptance
* B. Educational achievement
* C. Physical milestones
* D. Parental approval
B. Educational achievement
A child who is discouraged from exploring or taking risks may develop a sense of guilt, according to Erikson’s stage of:
* A. Initiative vs. Guilt
* B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
* C. Trust vs. Mistrust
* D. Industry vs. Inferiority
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
A high school student reflects on a recent volunteer project, realizing it gave them a sense of purpose. This reflects which Erikson stage?
* A. Initiative vs. Guilt
* B. Intimacy vs. Isolation
* C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
* D. Generativity vs. Stagnation
D. Generativity vs. Stagnation
A high school student reflects on a recent volunteer project, realizing it gave them a sense of purpose. This reflects which Erikson stage?
* A. Initiative vs. Guilt
* B. Intimacy vs. Isolation
* C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
* D. Generativity vs. Stagnation
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
According to Freud, a child in the phallic stage may experience strong feelings toward the parent of the opposite sex, known as:
* A. Latency complex
* B. Oedipus complex
* C. Identity confusion
* D. Initiative dilemma
B. Oedipus complex
A teacher who encourages students to work in small groups to solve a problem is primarily supporting which Vygotskian concept?
* A. Independent discovery
* B. Social scaffolding
* C. Egocentric learning
* D. Cognitive structuring
B. Social scaffolding
When a child believes that punishment is the only consequence for breaking rules, they are likely in which stage of Kohlberg’s moral development?
* A. Self-interest orientation
* B. Authority and social order
* C. Obedience and punishment orientation
* D. Interpersonal accord and conformity
C. Obedience and punishment orientation
A parent is upset that their adolescent child spends more time with friends than family. According to Bronfenbrenner, this shift is influenced by changes in the:
* A. Microsystem
* B. Exosystem
* C. Mesosystem
* D. Chronosystem
D. Chronosystem
An 8-year-old who chooses to follow classroom rules to be seen as a “good student” demonstrates which moral stage?
* A. Interpersonal accord and conformity
* B. Obedience and punishment orientation
* C. Social contract orientation
* D. Authority and social order maintaining
A. Interpersonal accord and conformity
A teacher observes that a student is better able to complete assignments independently after guidance and modeling. This progress reflects:
* A. Actual developmental zone
* B. Accommodation mastery
* C. Reflective ZPD
* D. Zone of Actual Development
D. Zone of Actual Development
A teacher encourages students to discuss diverse opinions to promote critical thinking. This aligns with which Piagetian stage?
* A. Sensorimotor
* B. Preoperational
* C. Concrete operational
* D. Formal operational
D. Formal operational
A student struggles to fit in with their peers and feels confused about their personal beliefs. This reflects which of Erikson’s stages?
* A. Intimacy vs. Isolation
* B. Trust vs. Mistrust
* C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
* D. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
According to Bronfenbrenner’s theory, a family’s beliefs about education fall under which system?
* A. Microsystem
* B. Mesosystem
* C. Macrosystem
* D. Exosystem
C. Macrosystem
During the concrete operational stage, a child best understands which concept?
* A. Abstract ideas
* B. Object permanence
* C. Conservation of mass
* D. Hypothetical reasoning
C. Conservation of mass
A teenager who questions existing rules and considers if they are just is likely in which Kohlberg stage?
* A. Social contract orientation
* B. Authority and social order maintaining
* C. Self-interest orientation
* D. Obedience and punishment orientation
A. Social contract orientation
When an infant responds to their name being called by turning their head, they are demonstrating:
* A. Reflexive behavior
* B. Fine motor development
* C. Gross motor skills
* D. Sensory recognition
D. Sensory recognition
A student feels that they lack any significant achievements compared to classmates. According to Erikson, this may lead to:
* A. Inferiority
* B. Isolation
* C. Initiative
* D. Shame and doubt
A. Inferiority
An adolescent debates with peers about climate change based on evidence, reflecting which of Piaget’s stages?
* A. Sensorimotor
* B. Preoperational
* C. Concrete operational
* D. Formal operational
D. Formal operational
When observing that some students prefer solitary activities, a teacher should consider that these students might be in which stage of Parten’s Stages of Play?
* A. Onlooker play
* B. Solitary play
* C. Parallel play
* D. Cooperative play
B. Solitary play
If an adolescent believes laws are important but must be evaluated to see if they serve society well, they are likely in which of Kohlberg’s stages?
* A. Self-interest orientation
* B. Social contract orientation
* C. Interpersonal accord and conformity
* D. Authority and social order maintaining
B. Social contract orientation
A high school student is unsure about career choices but values discussing future goals. This behavior aligns with which Erikson stage?
* A. Intimacy vs. Isolation
* B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
* C. Industry vs. Inferiority
* D. Generativity vs. Stagnation
- B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
