TCAL POST-TEST Flashcards
1
Q
- Teacher Jesus in now 69 years old has been observing changes in himself such as the aging process. Which term refers to the development change in the individual?
A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
A
D. Maturation
2
Q
- What stage of Piaget’s Cognitive Development does a person belong to when he can understand specific logical ideas and apply them to concrete problems?
A. Preoperational thought
B. Operational thought
C. Create operational thought
D. Formal operational thought
A
C. Create operational thought
3
Q
- What can be the best comparison of the behavior of a 17-year-old girl to that of her 13-year-old brother?
A. She is more likely critical about herself.
B. She tends to be more egocentric.
C. She had less confidence in her abilities.
D. She is more capable of reasoning hypothetically.
A
D. She is more capable of reasoning hypothetically.
4
Q
- Which statements below best describes development?
A. A high school student’s height increased by 5’2” to 5’4.”
B. A high school student’s change in weight from 110 lbs. to 125 lbs.
C. A student had learned to operate the computer
D. A student’s enlargement of hips
A
C. A student had learned to operate the computer
5
Q
- Which of the following is likely to be developed if infants are shown genuine affection?
A. Trust
B. Autonomy
C. Initiative
D. Industry
A
A. Trust
6
Q
- Alyssa is eight years old, and although she understands some logical principles, she still has troubles in understanding hypothetical concepts. According to Piaget, Alyssa belongs to what stage of cognitive development?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operational
D. Formal operational
A
C. Concrete operational
7
Q
- James noted that when the preschoolers eagerly begin many new activities but are vulnerable to criticism and feelings of failure, they are experiencing what crisis?
A. Identity vs. Role Confusion
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Basic trust vs. mistrust
D. Efficacy vs. Helplessness
A
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
8
Q
- When a baby realizes that a rubber duck which has fallen out of the tub must be somewhere on the floor, he is likely to achieved what aspect of cognitive development?
A. Object permanence
B. Deferred imitation
C. Mental combinations
D. Goal-directed behavior
A
A. Object permanence
9
Q
- According to Erikson, what is the primary task of adolescents?
A. To establish trust
B. To search for his identity
C. To be more intimate with others
D. To establish integrity
A
B. To search for his identity
10
Q
- What is the correct sequence of prenatal stages of development?
A. Embryo, germinal, fetus
B. Germinal, fetus, embryo
C. Germinal, embryo, fetus
D. Embryo, fetus, germinal
A
C. Germinal, embryo, fetus
11
Q
- Mr. Francisco was very much worried about the thumb sucking of his son. A friend of him says that certain behavior among infants. Who presented that notion that certain behavior like thumb-sucking is normal behavior?
A. Sigmund Freud
B. Erick Ericson
C. John Bowlby
D. Urie Bronfenbrenner
A
A. Sigmund Freud
12
Q
- What level has a four-year-old learner like Maryann reached when she acquired new skills such as putting the same shapes and the same colors together?
A. Development
B. Maturation
C. Zone of Proximal Development
D. Learning
A
C. Zone of Proximal Development
13
Q
- Elisa who is in between 9 and 11 years of age are most likely to demonstrate moral reasoning at which Kohlberg’s stage?
A. Pre-conventional
B. Conventional
C. Post-conventional
D. None of the above
A
B. Conventional
14
Q
- Dr. De Leon, the school physician conducted a physical examination in Ms. Manuel’s class. What concept best describes the quantitative increase observed by Dr. De Leon among learners in terms of height and weight?
A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
A
B. Growth
15
Q
- Which of the following is the correct order of psychosexual stages proposed by Sigmund Freud?
A. Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
B. Anal stage, oral stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
C. Oral stage, anal stage, genital stage, latency stage, phallic stage
D. Anal stage, oral stage, genital stage, latency stage, phallic stage
A
A. Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage, genital stage
16
Q
- Angela focuses her attention on the schoolwork and vigorous play that consume most of her physical energy. Which stage of psychosexual theory illustrates her behavior?
A. Oral
B. Anal
C. Phallic
D. Latency
A
D. Latency
17
Q
- According to Kohlberg, a dutiful citizen who obeys the laws set down by society is at which level of moral reasoning?
A. Pre-conventional Stage One
B. Pre-conventional Stage Two
C. Conventional
D. Post-conventional
A
C. Conventional
18
Q
- Fifteen-year-old Marie is preoccupied with her “disgusting appearance” and seems depressed most of the time. What is the best thing her parents can do to help her get through this difficult time?
A. Ignore her self-preoccupation because their attention would only reinforce it.
B. Encourage to “shape up” and not give in the self-pity
C. Kid her about her appearance in the hope that she will see how silly she is acting.
D. Offer practical advice, such as clothing suggestions, to improve her body image.
A
D. Offer practical advice, such as clothing suggestions, to improve her body image.
19
Q
- Trisha goes with her mother in school. She enjoys the workplace of her mother. Which of the following ecological theories is illustrated by the situation?
A. Microsystem
B. Mesosystem
C. Exosystem
D. Macrosystem
A
C. Exosystem
20
Q
- Which of the following is true about human development?
A. Human development considers both maturation and learning.
B. Development refers to the progressive series of changes of an orderly coherent type toward the goal of maturity.
C. Development is the gradual and orderly unfolding of the characteristics of the individuals as they go through the successive stages of growth.
D. All of the above
A
D. All of the above
21
Q
- Which of the following theory can help Miss Samson determine the readiness of her learners by administering a readiness test?
A. Conditioning Theories
B. Cognitive Development Theory
C. Maturation Theory
D. Ethological Theory
A
C. Maturation Theory
22
Q
- Tessa gets jealous whenever she sees her father showing love and affection to her mother. Which of the following is she showing according to Freud?
A. Complex
B. Phallic
C. Electra Complex
D. Oedipus Complex
A
C. Electra Complex
23
Q
- What concept can best describe Francisco’s ability to walk without a support at age of 12 months because of the “internal ripening” that occurred in his muscles, bones, and nervous system development?
A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
A
D. Maturation
24
Q
- Christian develops an integral and coherent sense of self. He seeks answers to the question. “Who am I”? Which of the following is Christian likely to develop?
A. Initiative
B. Identity and Role Confusion
C. Intimacy
D. Autonomy
A
B. Identity and Role Confusion
25
Q
- Connie develops concepts necessary for everyday living, builds healthy attitudes towards oneself, and achieve personal independence. These are among the attributes of an individual in what stage?
A. Infancy and early childhood
B. Middle childhood
C. Adolescence
D. Early adulthood
A
B. Middle childhood
26
Q
- What is the most accurate definition of puberty stage?
A. Rapid physical growth that occurs during adolescence
B. Stage when sexual maturation is attained.
C. Rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that ends childhood
D. Stage when adolescents establish identifies separate from their parents.
A
C. Rapid physical growth and sexual maturation that ends childhood
27
Q
- Which state of the psycho-sexual theory does young boys experience rivalry with their father for their mother’s attention and affection?
A. Oral
B. Anal
C. Phallic
D. Latency
A
C. Phallic
28
Q
- Ana, who is low-achieving, shy and withdrawn, is rejected by most of her peers. her teacher wants to help Ana increase her self-esteem and social acceptance. What can Joy’s teacher suggest to her parents?
A. Transfer her to a different school
B. Help their daughter improve her motor skills
C. Help their daughter learn to accept more responsibility for her academic failures
D. Help their daughter improve her skills in relating to peers
A
D. Help their daughter improve her skills in relating to peersD. Help their daughter improve her skills in relating to peers
29
Q
- Which of the following provides the best broad description of the relationship between heredity and environment in determining height?
A. Heredity is the primary influence, with environment affecting development only in severe situations.
B. Heredity and environment contribute equally to development
C. Environment is the major influence on physical characteristics.
D. Heredity directs the individual’s potential and environment determines whether and to what degree the individual reaches the potential.
A
A. Heredity is the primary influence, with environment affecting development only in severe situations.
30
Q
- Ms. Reyes uses images and language to represent and understand her various lessons to preschool learners. What stage in the cognitive theory of development explains this?
A. Sensorimotor
B. Preoperational
C. Concrete operation
D. Formal operation
A
B. Preoperational
31
Q
- Manuel, a five-year old boy can hold his pen and write his name with his right hand. Which term describes Manuel’s action/ behavior?
A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
A
A. Development
32
Q
- What do you call the quantitative increase in terms of height and weight as observed by the school physician during the physical examination of the students?
A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
A
B. Growth
33
Q
- Train up a child in the way he should be; when he grows up, he will not depart from it. Which principle supports this?
A. Development is determined by his heredity.
B. Development is determined by the environment.
C. Early development is more critical than the late development.
D. Early development is less critical than late development.
A
B. Development is determined by the environment.
34
Q
- Which of the following learner’s characteristics will affect most of the learners learning in the academic class?
A. His affective characteristics
B. His cognitive characteristics
C. His psychomotor characteristics
D. His socio-emotional characteristics
A
B. His cognitive characteristics
35
Q
- Which of the following will be Freud’s description of the child’s behavior if he has biting, sarcastic manner?
A. Anally expulsive
B. Anally retentive
C. Fixated in the oral stage
D. Experiencing the crisis of trust vs. mistrust
A
C. Fixated in the oral stage
36
Q
- When a little girl who says she wants her mother to go on vacation so that she can marry her father, Freud believes that he is voicing a fantasy consistent with?
A. Oedipus complex
B. Electra complex
C. Theory of mind
D. Crisis of initiative vs. Guilt
A
B. Electra complex
37
Q
- What is the main source of emotional support for most young people who are establishing independence from their parents?
A. Older adolescents of the opposite sex
B. Older sibling
C. Teachers
D. Peer groups
A
D. Peer groups
38
Q
- Which of the following can best describe the preschooler’s readiness to learn new task and play activities?
A. Emerging competency and self-awareness
B. Theory of the Mind
C. Relationship with parents
D. Growing identification with others
A
A. Emerging competency and self-awareness
39
Q
- What is Freud’s idea about a young boy’s guilt feelings brought about by jealousy of his father’s relationship with his mother?
A. Electra complex
B. Oedipus complex
C. Phallic complex
D. Penis envy complex
A
B. Oedipus complex
40
Q
- Some children are more active than others, as everyone knows-extremely high levels of activity or hyperactivity are considered problematic. How may a teacher help a child who is hyperactive
A. Make him the leader of the class
B. Transfer him to another class
C. Give him challenging activities that are appropriate to his ability level and interests.
D. Allow him to spend longer at the playground until he gets tired.
A
C. Give him challenging activities that are appropriate to his ability level and interests.
41
Q
- In Erickson’s theory, what is the unresolved crisis of an adult who has difficulty establishing a secure, mutual relationship with a life partner?
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
D. Trust vs. Mistrust
A
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
42
Q
- Which situation best illustrates the concept of growth?
A. A kinder pupil gains 2 pounds within two months.
B. A high school student gets a score of 85 in mental ability test.
C. An education student has gained knowledge on approaches and strategies in teaching different subjects.
D. An elementary grader has learned to play piano.
A
A. A kinder pupil gains 2 pounds within two months.
43
Q
- Lito, a student in secondary level tends to spend more time with his friends and his family, thus, his behavior is greatly affected by them. In which stage in the Psychosocial Stages of Development does Lito belong?
A. Autonomous vs Shame and Doubt
B. Identity vs. Role Confusion
C. Intimacy vs. Isolation
D. Initiative vs. Guilt
A
D. Initiative vs. Guilt
44
Q
- In Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development, which of the following statements would illustrate Edward who is 11 years old?
A. Able to see relationships and to reason in the abstract.
B. Unable to breakdown a whole into separate parts.
C. Differentiates goals and goal-directed activities.
D. Experiments with methods to reach goals.
A
A. Able to see relationships and to reason in the abstract.
45
Q
- A newborn infant move his whole body at one time, instead of moving a part of it. Which of the following principles is illustrated by his behavior?
A. Development proceeds from specific to general.
B. Development proceeds from general to specific.
C. Development follows an orderly pattern.
D. Development follows a general pattern.
A
B. Development proceeds from general to specific.
46
Q
- Mrs. Gomez conducts research on the psychosocial domain of development. In what area of the child’s development is Mrs. Gomez most likely to be interested with?
A. Perceptual abilities
B. Brain-wave patterns
C. Emotions
D. Use of language
A
C. Emotions
47
Q
- Anna believes that authority is respected. She is now in what level in moral development theory of Lawrence Kohlberg.
A. Social contract
B. Law and order orientation
C. Interpersonal concordance
D. Universal ethics orientation
A
A. Social contract
48
Q
- What is the best description of Erickson’s psychosocial theory of human development?
A. Eight crises all people are thought to lace
B. Four psychosocial stages in latency period
C. The same number of stages as Freud’s, but with different names
D. A stage theory that is not psychoanalytic
A
A. Eight crises all people are thought to lace
49
Q
- Which of the following principles can be the basis of the growing realization of the significance of the early childhood education?
A. The young children can do many things at an early stage.
B. The child should be seen and should learn.
C. The first five years of life are the formative years of the child.
D. Early childhood experiences can be interesting and challenging.
A
B. The child should be seen and should learn.
50
Q
- Dr. Escoto, the school physician conducted a physical examination in Ms. Manuel’s class. What concept best describes the quantitative increase observed by Dr. Escoto among learners in terms of height and weight?
A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
A
B. Growth
51
Q
- What concept can best describe Francisco’s ability to walk without a support at age of 12 months because of the “internal ripening” that occured in his muscles, bones and nervous system development?
A. Development
B. Growth
C. Learning
D. Maturation
A
D. Maturation
52
Q
- What is the strong need for teachers according to the reference text?
A. Providing physical educational classes
B. Teaching advanced subjects
C. Organizing extracurricular activities
D. Understanding of human growth, development and learning
A
D. Understanding of human growth, development and learning
53
Q
- What are the consequences of parents, family, community, and society not meeting the developmental needs of children and adolescents?
A. Children become more independent
B. Children excel academically
C. Impact on the kind of adults they will become
D. Children develop stronger social skills
A
C. Impact on the kind of adults they will become
54
Q
- What is the primary responsibility of parents and communities regarding children’s protection and care according to the text?
A. Protecting and caring for children
B. Teaching advanced skills
C. Providing entertainment
D. Ensuring academic success
A
A. Protecting and caring for children
55
Q
- What is the role of teachers in schools according to the reference text?
A. Managing school finances
B. Providing medical care
C. Helping learners reach their full potential
D. Organizing sports events
A
C. Helping learners reach their full potential
56
Q
- What is the pattern of movement or change that begins in conception and continues throughout the lifespan according to the text?
A. Cognitive development only
B. Social interactions
C. Human development
D. Physical growth only
A
C. Human development
57
Q
- What is the principle that states all domains of development are interrelated according to the reference text?
A. Interrelatedness
B. Orderly Sequence
C. Varying Rates
D. Long Term Effects
A
A. Interrelatedness
58
Q
- What is the principle that emphasizes the importance of play in development according to the text?
A. Play
B. Needs Met
C. Learning Modes
D. Practice and Challenge
A
A. Play
59
Q
- What is the principle that highlights the importance of providing opportunities for practice and challenge in development according to the reference text?
A. Practice and Challenge
B. Play
C. Learning Modes
D. Needs Met
A
A. Practice and Challenge
60
Q
- What is the principle that emphasizes the different modes of knowing and learning in children according to the text?
A. Practice and Challenge
B. Needs Met
C. Play
D. Learning Modes
A
D. Learning Modes
61
Q
- What is the principle that states children develop best in a community where they are safe, valued, and their needs are met according to the reference text?
A. Needs Met
B. Practice and Challenge
C. Learning Modes
D. Play
A
A. Needs Met
62
Q
- Jolina develops concepts necessary for everyday living, builds healthy attitudes towards oneself, and achieve personal independence. These are among the attributes of an individual in what particular stage?
A. Infancy and early childhood
B. Middle childhood
C. Adolescence
D. Early adulthood
A
B. Middle childhood
63
Q
- Bea completes a task only when the teacher sits with her and continually tells her what she’s doing is correct. During most of her free time, she sits at her task and stares into space. If she’s asked what she’d like to do, she just smiles and shakes her head. How would you describe her behavior, considering some aspects of Erickson’s Theory?
A. Proud-aggressive
B. Passive-dependent
C. Indifferent-shy
D. Passive-antagonistic
A
B. Passive-dependent
64
Q
- In Piaget’s concrete operational stage, a teacher should provide
A. activities for hypothesis formulation
B. learning activities that involve problems of classification and order
C. activities for evaluation purposes
D. stimulating environment with ample objects to play with
A
B. learning activities that involve problems of classification and order
65
Q
- A child who is cold towards the people around him might have failed to attain what basic goal based on Erickson’s theory on psychological development?
A. Autonomy
B. Initiative
C. Trust
D. Mistrust
A
C. Trust
66
Q
- A grade 1 pupil likes to play with his friends but gets angry when defeated. Piaget’s theory states that this pupil is under what developmental stage?
A. Concrete operation
B. Formal operation
C. Sensorimotor
D. Pre-operation
A
D. Pre-operation
67
Q
- Schema theory states that __________.
A. we learn by the process of conditioning
B. we are passive learners
C. we organize what we learn according to patterns
D. we are conditioned by the environment
A
C. we organize what we learn according to patterns
68
Q
- Teacher H begins a lesson on tumbling, demonstrating front and back somersaults in slow motion, and physically guiding his students through the correct movements. As his students become more skillful, he stands back from the mat and gives verbal feedback about how to improve. With Vygotsky’s theory in mind, what did Teacher H do?
A. Apprenticeship
B. Peer interaction
C. Guided participation
D. Scaffolding
A
D. Scaffolding
69
Q
- Erikson said that children aged 3 - 5 are most likely __________.
A. Mischievous
B. ego-centric
C. lazy
D. altruistic
A
B. ego-centric
70
Q
- What is the correct definition of puberty?
A. It is the approximately 5-year period of biological maturation where a boy or girl becomes able to reproduce.
B. It is physical and emotional development that starts and ends during the adolescence stage.
C. It is the maturation of the sexual organs of the child that start from middle childhood to adolescence.
D. It is marked by awkward yet significant changes in the body of a maturing child due to environmental factors.
A
A. It is the approximately 5-year period of biological maturation where a boy or girl becomes able to reproduce.
71
Q
- He emphasized that effective learning happens through participation in social activities and parents, teachers and other adults in the learner’s environment all contribute to the process.
A. Jean Piaget
B. Sigmund Freud
C. Erik Erikson
D. Lev Vygotsky
A
D. Lev Vygotsky
72
Q
- A middle school teacher notices that one student is highly argumentative, often questioning the teacher’s decisions and rules. This behavior aligns with which characteristic of adolescent cognitive growth?
A. Increased egocentrism
B. Heightened idealism
C. Increased argumentativeness
D. Overdeveloped schema
A
C. Increased argumentativeness
73
Q
- This refers to the cognitive structures by which individuals intellectually adapt to and organize their environment. It is an individual’s way to understand or create meaning about a thing or experience.
A. Zone of Proximal Development
B. Schema
C. Social representations
D. Reasoning
A
B. Schema
74
Q
- We see personalities all around us such as smokers, nail-biters, finger-chewers, and thumb suckers. Personalities engage in such behaviors particularly when under stress. Under which stage of Freud’s Psycho-sexual Theory do these personalities got fixated?
A. Anal
B. Latency
C. Phallic
D. Genital
A
A. Anal
75
Q
- On life span perspective of development, which relates to the fact that we don’t stop growing once we reach adulthood?
A. Development is shaped by historical/cultural contexts
B. Development involves growth, maintenance, and regulation
C. Development is multi-dimensional
D. Development is lifelong
A
D. Development is lifelong
76
Q
- Ricky does everything to get passing grades because his Mom will take his play station away if he gets bad grades. Which stage of Kohlberg’s Moral Development does this scenario belong?
A. Pre-conventional Morality
B. Conventional Morality
C. Post-conventional Morality
D. Non-conventional Morality
A
A. Pre-conventional Morality
77
Q
- Erikson‘s theory consists of eight stages of development. Each stage is characterized by a different conflict that must be resolved by the individual. Which of the following is the last part of the stage?
A. Trust vs Mistrust
B. Intimacy vs Isolation
C. Integrity vs Despair
D. Industry vs Inferiority
A
C. Integrity vs Despair
78
Q
- It is a type of play in which children observe the play of other children and not actually playing themselves.
A. Solitary Play
B. Onlooker Play
C. Parallel Play
D. Associative Play
A
B. Onlooker Play
79
Q
- Which of the following is related to the socio-emotional development of the child?
A. Throwing a ball to a playmate
B. Uttering the word “papa”
C. Crawling towards a toy
D. Being close to his/her parents
A
D. Being close to his/her parents
80
Q
- There are three stages during the pre-natal development- the germinal, embryonic, and fetal stage. The following statements are NOT TRUE about the germinal stage EXCEPT _______________________.
A. Differentiation of cells intensifies
B. Development of life support systems happen
C. Pre-natal reflexes are stronger
D. Zygote attaches to the uterine wall
A
D. Zygote attaches to the uterine wall
81
Q
- In toddlerhood, why are sensorimotor skills an integral part of the child’s development?
A. Children can have one thing represent another.
B. Children know that objects that are out of view continue to exist.
C. Children rely on their senses and behavior to acquire knowledge.
D. Children imitate an action that they have observed in their environment.
A
C. Children rely on their senses and behavior to acquire knowledge.
82
Q
- A child in elementary school is eager to complete homework and feels proud of their achievements in school. According to Erikson’s psychosocial stages, this child is likely navigating which crisis?
A. Initiative vs. Guilt
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
C. Autonomy vs. Shame
D. Identity vs. Role Confusion
A
B. Industry vs. Inferiority
83
Q
- What stage of a child’s development is marked by an unsteady stance and/or balance?
A. early childhood
B. adolescence
C. middle childhood
D. toddlerhood
A
D. toddlerhood
84
Q
- A high school student struggles to understand abstract concepts such as freedom and justice but excels at solving concrete math problems. According to Piaget, this student is likely transitioning between which stages?
A. Preoperational and Concrete operational
B. Concrete operational and Formal operational
C. Sensorimotor and Preoperational
D. Formal operational and Postformal thinking
A
B. Concrete operational and Formal operational
85
Q
- When adults try to make sense of the new and determine whether there is a need to change the old thoughts, concepts, or ideas, the process of ________________ is described.
A. Accommodation
B. Assimilation
C. Equilibration
D. Fixation
A
A. Accommodation
86
Q
- According to Freud’s Psycho-sexual theory, this happens when the needs of a developmental individual are not met at any particular stage.
A. Fixation
B. Maturation
C. Overindulgence
D. Frustration
A
A. Fixation
87
Q
- On developmental stages, which developmental tasks are shown during the early childhood stage?
A. major structures of the body are formed
B. developed motor and social skills
C. language learning and gaining self-independence
D. physical growth spurt and sexual maturation
A
C. language learning and gaining self-independence
88
Q
- Which structure of personality want things to be done immediately?
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Id and Ego
A
A. Id
89
Q
- Both nature and nurture can influence height and weight. Which is not an environmental factor that affects one’s physical growth?
A. Nutrition
B. Climate
C. Genes
D. Medications
A
C. Genes
90
Q
- People at this stage have developed their own set of moral guidelines which may or may not fit the law. The principles apply to everyone.
A. Pre-conventional Morality
B. Conventional Morality
C. Post-conventional Morality
D. Non-conventional Morality
A
C. Post-conventional Morality
91
Q
- When a child learns to zip zippers and lace shoes, he has shown fine motor skills development. Which activity of a child shows gross motor skills development?
A. Begin to participate in organized games and sports
B. Write and draw with more control
C. Learn piano or violin
D. Read and sit around with playmates
A
A. Begin to participate in organized games and sports
92
Q
- Which life support system contains a clear fluid where the developing embryo floats?
A. amnion sac
B. placenta
C. umbilical cord
D. uterine wall
A
A. amnion sac
93
Q
- In a classroom, a teacher encourages group work where students collaborate on projects and learn from each other’s ideas. This teaching method aligns with which theorist’s emphasis on social learning?
A. Jean Piaget
B. Erik Erikson
C. Lev Vygotsky
D. Sigmund Freud
A
C. Lev Vygotsky
94
Q
- Which of the following statements describes toddlerhood best?
A. It happens when children reach milestones in how they play, learn, speak, behave and move.
B. It occurs right after the birth of the child.
C. It is when children start to ask questions about the physical environment.
D. It is when children develop their muscle control, coordination, and balance.
A
A. It happens when children reach milestones in how they play, learn, speak, behave and move.
95
Q
- Cognitive development pertains to skills regarding learning and thinking. Which is NOT a cognitive skill?
A. asking questions
B. throwing a ball
C. developing an increased attention span
D. understanding fact and fiction
A
B. throwing a ball
96
Q
- A five-year-old child prefers to play alone but stays within sight and earshot of other children. According to Parten’s stages of play, this behavior is categorized as:
A. Solitary play
B. Onlooker play
C. Parallel play
D. Cooperative play
A
C. Parallel play
97
Q
- A mother observes that her infant reacts differently when she hides a toy behind her back versus when she leaves the room. This behavior is best explained by:
A. Failure in the development of egocentrism
B. Lack of object permanence
C. Emergence of symbolic thought
D. Development of Fine Motor Skills
A
B. Lack of object permanence
98
Q
- In Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory, this is the process of fitting new experience into an existing or previously created cognitive structure or schema.
A. Accommodation
B. Assimilation
C. Equilibration
D. Fixation
A
B. Assimilation
99
Q
- During the sensorimotor stage, a child repeatedly drops a spoon from their highchair, watching it fall and waiting for an adult to pick it up. What concept is the child likely exploring?
A. Object permanence
B. Assimilation
C. Egocentrism
D. Accommodation
A
A. Object permanence
100
Q
- In which stage in Erickson’s psychosocial stage are toddlers supposed to show and/or declare their independence?
A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
B. Trust vs. mistrust
C. Initiative vs. guilt
D. Industry vs. inferiority
A
A. Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
101
Q
- A parent notices that their toddler can now stack blocks in increasing order of size and sort toys by color. According to Piaget’s theory, this child is likely in which stage of cognitive development?
A. Sensorimotor stage
B. Preoperational stage
C. Concrete operational stage
D. Formal operational stage
A
B. Preoperational stage
102
Q
- Which of the following statements on infants and toddlers’ physical development is TRUE? The proximodistal growth pattern shows ____________________.
A. There is development of the upper limbs before the lower limbs.
B. The development of muscular control of trunk and arms before the fingers.
C. There is development of the lower limbs before the upper limbs.
D. There is simultaneous development of the upper and lower limbs.
A
B. The development of muscular control of trunk and arms before the fingers.
103
Q
- During adolescence, a child begins to question the beliefs and values of their parents, seeking to form their own identity. According to Erikson’s psychosocial stages, this behavior is part of which developmental crisis?
A. Autonomy vs. Shame
B. Initiative vs. Guilt
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
D. Intimacy vs. Isolation
A
C. Identity vs. Role Confusion
104
Q
- Children in their late childhood may experience signs of puberty. How should parents handle that situation?
A. Communicate with their peers and ask them what changes are happening to their children.
B. Provide children with correct resources or information about the changes they are going through.
C. Encourage them to mingle with the opposite sex
D. Be observant of their children’s physical changes and refer them to their family doctor.
A
B. Provide children with correct resources or information about the changes they are going through.
105
Q
- The newborn has some automatic and survival mechanisms before they have the opportunity to learn. These mechanisms that are present at birth will generally subside within a few months as the baby grows and matures. What are these automatic mechanisms called?
A. Skills
B. Reflexes
C. Ability
D. Intelligence
A
B. Reflexes
106
Q
- A number of factors could indicate how much a child grows or how much changes in the body will take place. Which of the following does not directly affect the physical changes in a child’s growth?
A. Genes
B. Food
C. medical conditions
D. social relationships
A
D. social relationships
107
Q
- What is the general physical characteristics of a primary school child?
A. Starts to walk and sit
B. Has difficulty balancing
C. Chooses to sit than to play
D. Extremely active
A
D. Extremely active
108
Q
- Which statement about the structures of personality is NOT true?
A. The id is the primitive and instinctive component of personality.
B. The ego considers social realities and norms, etiquette and rules in deciding how to behave.
C. The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learned from one’s parents and others.
D. Id is conscious while the parts of ego and superego are entirely unconscious.
A
D. Id is conscious while the parts of ego and superego are entirely unconscious.
109
Q
- A child in preschool frequently interacts with peers and plays games involving teamwork. According to Parten’s stages of play, this is an example of:
A. Associative play
B. Parallel play
C. Solitary play
D. Cooperative play
A
D. Cooperative play
110
Q
- In this stage of cognitive development, the child can solve general ideas or specific problems and can form educated guess.
A. Concrete Operational Stage
B. Formal Operational Stage
C. Pre-operational Stage
D. Sensori-motor Stage
A
B. Formal Operational Stage
111
Q
- Ling goes with his father in his workplace. He loves learning new things by observing the employees doing their duties and responsibilities. According to Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory, which of the following ecological systems is illustrated by the situation?
A. Microsystem
B. Macrosystem
C. Exosystem
D. Chronosystem
A
A. Microsystem
112
Q
- Karen decides to return the wallet she found in the canteen so that people will praise her honesty and think she’s such a nice girl. Which stage of Kohlberg’s Moral Development does this situation belong?
A. Pre-conventional Morality
B. Conventional Morality
C. Post-conventional Morality
D. Non-conventional Morality
A
B. Conventional Morality
113
Q
- What can teachers do to encourage friendships among primary school children?
A. Give children activities to express their views and opinions
B. Change the seating arrangements of the classroom often
C. Provide activities that make them work in a group
D. Make children learn at their own pace
A
C. Provide activities that make them work in a group
114
Q
- This structure of personality is similar to a conscience, which can cause feelings of guilt.
A. Id
B. Ego
C. Superego
D. Reality
A
C. Superego
115
Q
- The following statements are TRUE about pre-natal development EXCEPT_______________.
A. By the end of the gestational age, the embryo has acquired its basic form and is referred to as a fetus.
B. Life-support systems develop from the fertilized egg and not from the mother’s body.
C. In the germinal period, the differentiation of cells already begins as inner and outer layers of the organism are formed.
D. The development of the human fetus follows fertilization and continues as embryonic development.
A
D. The development of the human fetus follows fertilization and continues as embryonic development.
116
Q
- Considering the theory of Chomsky on language acquisition of the toddlers, which of the following statements is true?
A. Toddlers learn languages fast.
B. Toddlers learn languages slowly.
C. Toddlers learn language at their own pace.
D. Toddlers learn to communicate through non-verbal cues.
A
A. Toddlers learn languages fast.
117
Q
- Order the steps in prenatal growth.
I. Fertilization
II. Sperm and egg cell unite
III. Attachment to the uterine wall
IV. Zygote divides from two, four, etc.
A. III, I, IV, II
B. III, I, II, IV
C. II, I, IV, III
D. IV, III, II, I
A
C. II, I, IV, III
118
Q
- Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development is the ____ between what child accomplish alone and what he/she can accomplish with guidance of another.
A. Addition
B. Equivalent
C. Multiplier
D. Difference
A
D. Difference
119
Q
- Which of the following activities can develop cognitive skills among toddlers?
A. Buying toys for them
B. Allowing the child to compete with others
C. Reading a book to the toddler/shared reading
D. Playing hide and seek with the toddler
A
C. Reading a book to the toddler/shared reading
