Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CH531—Biochemistry > TCA & ETC > Flashcards

TCA & ETC Flashcards

1
Q

pyruvate enters mitochondria through ——-, then into matrix throug ——–

A

porins
mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

byproducts of transition reaction

A

CO2 and NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

transition reaction occurs via….

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 parts of PDH and cofactors they work with

A

E1 - TPP
E2 - CoA and lipoate
E2 - FAD and NAD+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

NAD+ cofactor structure and chemistry

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

FAD cofactor structure and chemistry

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CoA structure and chemistry

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

TPP cofactor structure and chemistry

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lipoate cofactor structure and chemistry

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

uses swinging arm mechanism between enzyme complexes in transition rxn

A

lipoic acid (E2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

substrate channeling

A

transfer of intermediates from one enzyme to another without release into solution

used in transition reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

reaction types in TCA (5)

A

condensation
dehydration
oxidative decarboxylation
SL phosphorylation
hydration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

step 7 is highly stereospecific, requiring…

A

trans fumarate
L-malate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ATPs per NADH and FADH2

A

2.5 per NADH
1.5 per FADH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

regulation of citrate synthase

A

citrate and ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase

A

NADH and ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

regulation of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

A

succinyl CoA and NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3 enzymes of TCA regulated

A

citrate synthase
isocitrate dehydrogenase
a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fatty acids enter TCA through…

A

transition reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

alanine, glycine, threonine, cysteine, serine, and tryptophan enter TCA through…

A

pyruvate

21
Q

isoleucine enters TCA through…

A

Acetyl CoA

22
Q

leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan enter TCA through

A

acetoacetate to Acetyl CoA

23
Q

arginine, proline, histidine, and glutamine enter TCA through

A

glutamate to a-ketoglutarate

24
Q

isoleucine, valine, methionine and threonine enter TCA through

A

succinyl CoA

25
Q

tyrosine and phenylalanine enter TCA through

A

fumarate

26
Q

asparagine and aspartate enter TCA through

A

oxaloacetate

27
Q

how are pyrimidines made from TCA?

A

oxaloacetate to asparagine/aspartate to pyrimidines

28
Q

how are fatty acids and sterols made from TCA?

A

from citrate

29
Q

how are purines made from TCA?

A

a-ketoglutarate to glutamate

30
Q

how are heme and porphyrins made from TCA?

A

from succinyl CoA

31
Q

delta G of ETC

A

30.6 kJ/mol

32
Q

in ETC, protons are pumped from —– to ——

A

from matrix (N) to intermembrane space (P)

33
Q

COMPLEX I
- nucleotide
- Fe-S clusters
- two portions
- electron carrier
- protons pumped

A
  • flavin mononucleotide (FMN)
  • 8 clusters
  • membrane arm and peripheral arm
  • NADH
  • 4 protons pumped
34
Q

NADH passes —- e- to FMN, which are passed….

eventually end up….

and transferred to….

A

2e- to FMN

passed through Fe-S clusters

end up on coenzyme Q

QH2 travels to complex III

35
Q

COMPLEX II
- synonymous with…
- Fe-S clusters
- prosthetic group
- electron carrier
- reaction
- protons pumped

A
  • synonymous with succinate dehydrogenase
  • 3 clusters
  • heme prosthetic group
  • FADH2
  • succinate oxidized to fumarate
  • 0 protons pumped
36
Q

FADH2 passes e- to….

which travels to…

A

Q

travels to complex III

37
Q

COMPLEX III
- Fe-S clusters
- cytochromes
- protons pumped

A
  • 1 cluster
  • cyt b, cyt c, cyt c1
  • 4 protons pumped
38
Q

QH2 binds to ——–, and transfers 1 e- to—– and 1 e- to ——–

they then move to ….

A

complex III
1 e- to Fe-S, and the other to cyt b
e- from Fe-S goes to cyt c1, then to cyt c
e- from cyt b enters Q-cycle
cyt c moves to complex IV

39
Q

Q cycle occurs because…

A

there is only 1 Fe-S cluster on complex III, but there are 2 electrons to be dropped off, so for every QH2 that drops off electrons the process has to happen twice

40
Q

COMPLEX IV
- Fe-S clusters
- cytochromes
- ions present
- protons pumped

A
  • 0 clusters
  • cyt a and cyt a3
  • copper ions present
  • 2 protons pumped
41
Q

cyt c transfers e- to…..

then they are transferred to….

then to…

A

cyt a
copper
cyt a3
to O2, forming water

42
Q

force that turns ATP synthase

A

proton motive force

43
Q

subunits of ATP synthase

A

F0 and F1

44
Q

ATP synthase rev/sec

A

300

45
Q

function of malate-aspartate shuttle

A

allows NADH generated in glycolysis to enter mitochondria

46
Q

function of glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
location
downside

A

same function as malate-aspartate
used in brain, muscle, brown adipose
loses 1 ATP/molecule glucose

47
Q

inhibitors/uncouplers of ETC
examples
function

A

2-4-dinitrophenol
valinomycin

bring H+ back into matrix, decreasing efficiency

48
Q
A

malate-aspartate shuttle

49
Q
A

glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle

CH531—Biochemistry (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions