Lipid Metabolism

Question 1

FAs are built and broken down —– C at a time

Answer 1

2

Question 2

—- acts as a carrier of carbons in FA synthesis

Answer 2

CoA

Question 3

function of acetyl CoA shuttle

Answer 3

move acetyl CoA from mitochondria out to cytoplasm where it can be used for FA synth

Question 4

Answer 4

acetyl CoA shuttle

Question 5

name the process:
malonyl ACP
crotonyl ACP
butyryl ACP
palmitic acid

Answer 5

FA synth

Question 6

reaction types used in FA synth (3)

Answer 6

condensation
reduction
dehydration

Question 7

elongation of FAs ends at —- C inhumans

Answer 7

16 C

Question 8

final step of FA synth

Answer 8

cleaved from ACP

Question 9

makes FAs

Answer 9

FA synthase complex

Question 10

reaction types in TAG synth (3)

Answer 10

reduction
esterification
dephosphorylation

Question 11

breakdown TAGs

Answer 11

lipases

Question 12

— different lipases required for TAG breakdown

Answer 12

3

Question 13

TGs are broken down in…

Answer 13

cytosol

Question 14

Answer 14

acyl-CoA shuttle

Question 15

function of Acyl-CoA shuttle

Answer 15

FAs broken down in cytoplasm and reconjugated to actyl-CoA can’t cross into mitochondria where they need to be

shuttle takes them into mitochondria

Question 16

name of FA breakdown

Answer 16

B-oxidation

Question 17

how are FAs broken down?

Answer 17

2 C at a time, into acyl CoA and acetyl CoA

repeated until all acyl CoA is acetyl CoA

Question 18

type of CoA released from breakdown of odd numbered FAs

Answer 18

propionyl CoA

Question 19

B-oxidation occurs in..

Answer 19

mitochondria or peroxisomes

Question 20

explain peroxisomal FA breakdown

Answer 20

uses catalase to break down H2O2 byproduct

loss of 2 ATPs

Question 21

what happens to glycerol from TAG?

Answer 21

enters glycolysis as DHAP

Question 22

coenzyme needed for acetyl CoA shuttle

Answer 22

biotin

Question 23

biotin structure

Answer 23

Question 24

acetyl CoA shuttle uses —— from the PPP

Answer 24

NADPH

Question 25

used for synth of odd numbered FAs

Answer 25

propionyl ACP

Question 26

number of reactions in FA breakdown

Answer 26

4

Question 27

ATP used to make one TAG

ATP gained in breakdown of one FA

Answer 27

-21

129 net

Question 28

stimulate lipase activity (breakdown of fats)

Answer 28

epinephrine
glucagon

Question 29

decreases lipase activity (less fat breakdown)

Answer 29

insulin

Question 30

FA synth reaction types (3)

Answer 30

condensation
reduction
dehydration

Question 31

FA breakdown reaction types (3)

Answer 31

oxidation
hydration
thiolysis

Question 32

major derivatives of cholesterol

Answer 32

vitamin D
bile acids
steroid hormones