Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
FAs are built and broken down —– C at a time
2
—- acts as a carrier of carbons in FA synthesis
CoA
function of acetyl CoA shuttle
move acetyl CoA from mitochondria out to cytoplasm where it can be used for FA synth
acetyl CoA shuttle
name the process:
malonyl ACP
crotonyl ACP
butyryl ACP
palmitic acid
FA synth
reaction types used in FA synth (3)
condensation
reduction
dehydration
elongation of FAs ends at —- C inhumans
16 C
final step of FA synth
cleaved from ACP
makes FAs
FA synthase complex
reaction types in TAG synth (3)
reduction
esterification
dephosphorylation
breakdown TAGs
lipases
— different lipases required for TAG breakdown
3
TGs are broken down in…
cytosol
acyl-CoA shuttle
function of Acyl-CoA shuttle
FAs broken down in cytoplasm and reconjugated to actyl-CoA can’t cross into mitochondria where they need to be
shuttle takes them into mitochondria
name of FA breakdown
B-oxidation
how are FAs broken down?
2 C at a time, into acyl CoA and acetyl CoA
repeated until all acyl CoA is acetyl CoA
type of CoA released from breakdown of odd numbered FAs
propionyl CoA
B-oxidation occurs in..
mitochondria or peroxisomes
explain peroxisomal FA breakdown
uses catalase to break down H2O2 byproduct
loss of 2 ATPs
what happens to glycerol from TAG?
enters glycolysis as DHAP
coenzyme needed for acetyl CoA shuttle
biotin
biotin structure
acetyl CoA shuttle uses —— from the PPP
NADPH
used for synth of odd numbered FAs
propionyl ACP
number of reactions in FA breakdown
4
ATP used to make one TAG
ATP gained in breakdown of one FA
-21
129 net
stimulate lipase activity (breakdown of fats)
epinephrine
glucagon
decreases lipase activity (less fat breakdown)
insulin
FA synth reaction types (3)
condensation
reduction
dehydration
FA breakdown reaction types (3)
oxidation
hydration
thiolysis
major derivatives of cholesterol
vitamin D
bile acids
steroid hormones
