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CH531—Biochemistry > Chp 5—Lipids & Biological Membranes > Flashcards

Chp 5—Lipids & Biological Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

6 biochemical functions of lipids

A
  1. structure of plasma membrane
  2. energy storage
  3. protection
  4. cell signalling
  5. cofactors
  6. flavor & fragrance
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2
Q

monomer of lipids

A

fatty acids

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3
Q

2 components of FAs

A

carboxylic acid
hydrocarbon chain

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4
Q

2 types of FAs

A

saturared & unsaturated

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5
Q

delta nomenclature

M:N(𝚫^a,b….)

A

M = number of carbons
N = number of double bonds
a, b…. = position of double bonds

M:N(𝚫^a,b….)

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6
Q

for delta nomenclature, we number from…

A

the COOH

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7
Q

components of a triglyceride

A

3 FAs
glycerol backbone

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8
Q

how are FAs joined to glycerol?

A

esterification rxn

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9
Q
A

glycerol

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10
Q

function of triglycerides

A

energy storage in adipose

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11
Q

simple triaglycerol

A

3 chains are identical

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12
Q

complex triaglycerol

A

3 side chains are different

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13
Q

components of wax
joined by?

A

FA
long alcohol chain

esterification rxn

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14
Q
A

wax

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15
Q

function of wax

A

protection and moisture retention

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16
Q

mp of waxes

A

60-100 C

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17
Q

components of soap
joined by?

A

triglyceride
aqueous alkali (NaOH, KOH)

saponification rxn

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18
Q

micelle

A

aggregation of soap molecules around dirt

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19
Q

function of eicosanoids

A

autocrine & short-range signalling molecules

20
Q
A

eicosanoid

21
Q

eicosanoid SM

A

arachidonic acid

22
Q

basic eicosanoid structure

A

5-mem ring with two acid tails, and many possible R groups

23
Q

components of phospholipid

A

phospho “head”
1 or 2 FA tails

24
Q

components of glycerophospholipid

A

2 FA tails + glycerol + phosphate + R group

25
Q

components of sphingolipid

A

1 FA tail + sphingosine backbone, including nitrogen + R groups

26
Q
A

glycerophospholipid

27
Q
A

sphingolipid

28
Q

function of sphingolipids

A

cell recognition and signal transduction

29
Q

glycolipid

A

sugar residue + sphingolipid

30
Q

basic unit of terpenes/terpenoids

A

isoprene

31
Q

function of terpenes/terpenoids

A

fragrance, flavor, color

32
Q

function of sterols

A

component of cell membrane; controls consistency

33
Q

function of steroids

A

body-wide signalling hormones

34
Q

basic structure of sterol/steroid

A

3 6-mem rings + 1 5-mem ring

35
Q

lipid vitamins

A

A D E K

36
Q

5 components of membrane

A

glycerophospholipids
sphingolipids
sterols
proteins
carbs

37
Q

membrane held together by…

A

hydrophobic interactions

38
Q

4 main points of fluid mosaic model

A
  • phospholipids have free lateral movement, but not transverse movement
  • phospholipids can move 2nm/second
  • double bonds in phospholipid tails increase fluidity because they decrease steric space
  • majority of mass is from mosaic of proteins
39
Q

2 main types of proteins in membrane

A

transmembrane/integral proteins

peripheral proteins

40
Q

3 common types of transmembrane proteins

A

alpha helices
helical bundles
beta barrels

41
Q

peripheral proteins may be ____proteins

A

lipoproteins

42
Q

lipid raft

A

stable domain of proteins which must be in proximity to work together, floating as a unit in the membrane

43
Q

how is a lipid raft held together

A

sterols in the membrane make tighter associations between unsaturated tails

44
Q

2 aspects of membrane function

A

selective barrier

communication within and among cells

45
Q

4 steps of primary messenger pathway

A
  1. bind to surface receptor
  2. conformational change of receptor
  3. dimerization/oligomerization event (might be phosphorylation)
  4. biochemical pathway activated
46
Q

3 steps of secondary messenger pathway

A
  1. amplification—concentration increases following primary messenger
  2. bind to internal cellular target
  3. biochemical pathways are regulated
47
Q

which second messengers are NOT lipid-derived?

A

cAMP
Ca2+
IP3 (sugar part of a former lipid)

CH531—Biochemistry (11 decks)

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