TBL 16 Flashcards
circled / bolded;
knee bones and ligaments
structures that provide stability to knee joint ((locking and unlocking knee))
major complications of knee injury / ligamentous tears / unhappy triad / bursitis / baker cysts / osgood-schlatter disease
location and complications of bone fractures and dislocations in and around knee joint and patella
main nerves, arteries, veins supplying knee joint
location of major bursae of knee and common complications
concept of Q-angle, genu varum, genu valgum
what’s within the synovial capsule and which important structures/ligaments are not in the capsule
what happens anatomically if ligament is damaged
know which tests test for which lig tear
location of popliteal pulse
complications of damage to major arteries and nerves
prominences
condyles
not directly involved in knee joint
fibula
provide proximal attachment for the medial and lateral collateral ligaments of the knee joint
epicondyles
the patellar ligament inserts into the
tibial tuberosity
articular surfaces of the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia can be referred to as
the medial and lateral tibial plateaus
the patella articulates with the
patellar surface of the femur
the patella attaches to the ___ by a ___ called the ___
tibial tuberosity;
continuation of the quadriceps tendon;
patellar ligament
largest and most complicated joint in the body
knee joint
the knee joint is a
hinge joint
the knee joint provides
hinge movements combined with gliding, rolling, and rotation along a vertical axis
the two main parts of the knee joint include:
paired condylar joints between the rounded medial and lateral condyles of the femur above, and the corresponding condyles of the tibia and their cartilaginous menisci below;
joint between the patella and the patellar surface of the femur
the knee joint permits:
flexion, extension, and some gliding and rotation in the flexed position of the knee;
full extension is accompanied by medial rotation of the femur on the tibia, pulling all ligaments taut
the stability of the knee joint depends on the
strength of the surrounding muscles, specifically the quadriceps femoris
the knee joint is stabilized laterally by the
biceps and gastrocnemius (lateral head) tendons,
iliotibial tract,
fibular collateral ligament
the knee joint is stabilized medially by the
sartorius, gracilis, gastrocnemius (medial head), semitendinosus, semimembranous, tibial collateral ligament
on the front of the knee joint, the synovial membrane pouches upward beneath the ___, forming the ___
quadriceps tendon;
suprapatellar bursa
on each side of the patella, the knee joint capsule is strengthened by the
oblique popliteal ligament
behind the knee joint, the capsule is strengthened by expansions from the
tendons of vastus lateralis and medialis
an opening in the capsule behind the lateral tibial condyle permits the ___ to emerge
tendon of the popliteus
thin fluid filled membrane
bursa
lines the inside of the bursa and is filled with synovial fluid and attaches to the margins of the articular surfaces
synovial membrane
help reduce friction btwn tendons and bones, or btwn skin and bone
bursae and synovial fluid
the ___ are within the articular cavity and are covered by synovial fluid
menisci
the menisci are within the ___ and covered by ___
articular cavity;
synovial fluid
the ___ are inside the joint capsule but are ___
cruciate ligaments and fat pads;
NOT enclosed by synovium
the ___ are outside the knee joint capsule
medial and lateral collateral ligaments
important bursae include:
suprapatellar, prepatellar;
deep infrapatellar, subcutaneous infrapatellar;
gastrocnemius, semimembranosus, anserine;
popliteus
4 bursae communicate with the ___ of the knee joint:
synovial cavity;
suprapatellar (quadriceps) bursa;
popliteus bursa;
anserine bursa;
gastrocnemius bursa
bursa located between the femur and quadriceps tendon
suprapatellar (quadriceps) bursa
bursa located between the lateral tibial condyle and the popliteus tendon
popliteus bursa
bursa located deep to the tendons of the three muscles (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus)
anserine bursa
bursa located deep to the head of the gastrocnemius
gastrocnemius bursa
the suprapatellar bursa is located
between the femur and quadriceps tendon
popliteus bursa is located
between the lateral tibial condyle and the popliteus tendon
anserine bursa is located
deep to the tendons of the three muscles (sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus)
gastrocnemius bursa is located
deep to the head of the gastrocnemius
housemaid knee is aka
prepatellar bursitis
housemaid knee is characterized by
swelling and inflammation of the prepatellar bursa
housemaid knee is the result of
excessive and repeated friction btwn the skin and patella
can occur from compressive force due to direct blow or falling on flexed knee
prepatellar bursitis (housemaid knee)
infrapatellar bursitis is characterized by
swelling / edema and inflammation of the infrapatellar bursa
subcutaneous infrapatellar bursitis is caused by
excessive friction between the skin and tibial tuberosity
deep infrapatellar bursitis is caused by
overuse and friction btwn the patellar ligament and structures posterior to it (infrapatellar fat pad and tibia)
fluid collection anterior to distal insertion of patellar tendon
infrapatellar bursitis
expanded synovial membrane sac in the popliteal fossa
popliteal (Baker) cyst
Baker cyst is typically due to
chronic joint disease (arthritis) or chronic knee effusion
Baker cyst is characterized by
herniation of the gastrocnemius / semimebranosus bursa through the fibrous layer of the joint capsule into the popliteal fossa
extracapsular ligaments lie ___ and include:
outside the joint capsule;
ligamentum patellae (patellar ligament);
oblique popliteal ligament;
lateral (fibular) collateral ligament;
medial (tibial) collateral ligament
the lateral and medial collateral ligaments are ___ during extension and are ___ during flexion, allowing ___
taut;
relaxed;
rotation for which they serve as check ligaments
the patellar ligament attaches superiorly to the ___ and inferiorly to the ___ and is a continuation of the ___
lower border of the patella;
tuberosity of the tibia;
central portion of the common tendon of the quadriceps femoris
the oblique popliteal ligament is derived from the ___ and strengthens the ___
semimembranosus muscle;
posterior aspect of the knee capsule
the lateral collateral lig (aka the ___) is cordlike and attaches superiorly to the ___ and inferiorly to the ___ and the ___ intervenes btwn it and the ___
fibular collateral ligament; lateral condyle of the femur; head of the fibula; tendon of the popliteus muscle; lateral meniscus
the medial collateral ligament (aka the ___) attaches superiorly to the ___ and inferiorly to the ___ and is firmly attached to the ___
tibial collateral ligament;
medial condyle of the femur;
medial surface of the shaft of the tibia;
edge of the medial meniscus
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