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MSK - OMS I > TBL 15 > Flashcards

TBL 15 Flashcards

1
Q

the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the human skeleton

A

femur (thighbone)

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2
Q

supports the weight of the body and allows motion of the leg

A

femur

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3
Q

the femur is the ___ bone in the human skeleton that ___ and ___

A

longest, heaviest, and strongest;
supports the weight of the body;
allows motion of the leg

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4
Q

projects medially and upwards to articulate with the acetabulum of the pelvis forming the hip joint

A

femoral head

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5
Q

the femoral head projects ___ to articulate with the ___ forming the ___

A

medially and upwards;
acetabulum of the pelvis;
hip joint

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6
Q

blood supply of the femoral head includes:

A

medial circumflex femoral artery,

branches of the obturator artery

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7
Q

main blood supply to the femoral head in adults

A

medial circumflex femoral artery

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8
Q

main blood supply to the femoral head in children

A

branches of the obturator artery

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9
Q

receives blood from the medial circumflex femoral artery and branches of the obturator artery

A

femoral head

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10
Q

small, oval shaped depression on the femoral head

A

fovea capitis

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11
Q

the fovea capitis is a ___ on the ___ and the site of attachment for the ___

A

small, oval-shaped depression;
femoral head;
ligament of head of femur

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12
Q

site of attachment for the ligament of head of femur

A

fovea capitis

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13
Q

ligament of head of femur aka:

A

ligamentum capitis femoris,

ligamentum teres femoris

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14
Q

ligament of head of femur plays a role in

A

the stability of the hip joint

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15
Q

connects the head of the femur with the shaft

A

neck of femur

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16
Q

forms an angle of 125 degrees with the femoral shaft

A

femoral neck

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17
Q

common site for femoral fractures

A

femoral shaft

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18
Q

separated from the shaft in front by the intertrochanteric line

A

femoral neck

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19
Q

site of attachment for the iliofemoral ligament

A

intertrochanteric line of the femur

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20
Q

the intertrochanteric line of the femur is the site of attachment for the

A

iliofemoral ligament

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21
Q

the femoral necks connects the ___ with the ___ and forms an angle of ___ with the ___

A

femoral head; femoral shaft;

125 degrees; femoral shaft

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22
Q

the femoral shaft is the common site for

A

femoral fractures

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23
Q

narrower than the femoral head

A

femoral neck

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24
Q

the femoral neck is ___ than the femoral head to permit a ___ at the ___

A

narrower;
greater range of movement;
hip joint

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25
Q

projects from the junction of the femoral neck with the femoral shaft

A

greater trochanter of the femur

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26
Q

insertion site for the gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis, and obturator internus

A

greater trochanter of the femur

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27
Q

the greater trochanter of the femur projects from the ___ and is the insertion site for the ___

A

junction of the femoral neck with the femoral shaft;

gluteus medius and minimus, piriformis, and obturator internus

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28
Q

lies in the angle between the femoral neck and the femoral shaft

A

lesser trochanter of the femur

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29
Q

insertion site for the iliopsoas tendon

A

lesser trochanter of the femur

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30
Q

the lesser trochanter of the femur lies in the ___ and is the insertion site for the ___

A

angle between the femoral neck and the femoral shaft;

iliopsoas tendon

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31
Q

descends in a slightly medial direction to bring the knee closer to the body’s center of gravity to increase stability

A

femoral shaft

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32
Q

the femoral shaft descends in a ___ to bring the ___ to ___

A

slightly medial direction;
knee closer to the body’s center of gravity;
increase stability

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33
Q

key features of the femoral shaft include:

A 
gluteal tuberosity,
adductor tubercle,
medial and lateral condyles,
intercondylar notch (fossa),
medial and lateral epicondyles
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34
Q

smooth prominence on a bone where it forms a joint with another bone

A

condyle

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35
Q

a condyle is a ___ on a ___ where it forms a ___

A

smooth prominence;
bone;
joint with another bone

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36
Q

insertion site for the gluteus maximus

A

gluteal tuberosity of the femoral shaft

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37
Q

insertion site for the adductor magnus muscle

A

adductor tubercle of the femoral shaft

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38
Q

articulate with the tibia and patella to form the knee joint

A

medial and lateral condyles of the femoral shaft

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39
Q

a depression in which key ligaments of the knee attach

A

intercondylar notch (fossa) of the femoral shaft

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40
Q

significantly strengthens the knee and protects it against torsional damage

A

intercondylar notch (fossa) of the femoral shaft

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41
Q

proximal to the condyles

A

medial and lateral epicondyles

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42
Q

site of attachment for key internal knee ligaments

A

medial and lateral epicondyles of the femoral shaft

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43
Q

the gluteal tuberosity of the femoral shaft is the insertion site for the

A

gluteus maximus

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44
Q

the adductor tubercle of the femoral shaft is the insertion site for the

A

adductor magnus muscle

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45
Q

the medial and lateral condyles of the femoral shaft articulate with the ___ to form the ___

A

tibia and patella;

knee joint

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46
Q

the intercondylar notch (fossa) of the femoral shaft is a ___ in which ___ attach and significantly ___ and ___

A

depression;
key ligaments of the knee;
strengthens the knee;
protects it against torsional damage

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47
Q

the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femoral shaft are the site of attachment for

A

key internal knee ligaments

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48
Q

a rough longitudinal line or ridge on the posterior aspect of the femur to which several muscles attach

A

linea aspera of the femur

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49
Q

a bony ridge on the shaft of the femur that extends downward from the lesser trochanter to the medial lip of the linea aspera

A

pectineal line of the femur

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50
Q

provides an insertion to the pectineus muscle

A

pectineal line of the femur

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51
Q

the linea aspera of the femur is a ___ on the ___ to which ___

A

rough longitudinal line / ridge;
posterior aspect of the femur;
several muscles attach

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52
Q

the pectineal line of the femur is a ___ on the __ that ___ and provides an insertion to the ___

A

bony ridge; shaft of the femur;
extends downward from the lesser trochanter to the medial lip of the linea aspera;
pectineus muscle

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53
Q

the femur is “bent” so that the

A

long axis of the head and neck lies at an angle (of inclination) to that of the shaft

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54
Q

the angle of inclination of the femur ___ with age, resulting in ___

A

decreases (becomes more acute);

greater stress at a time when bone mass is reduced

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55
Q

femoral neck fractures in people < 40yo usually result from

A

high-energy impacts (car accidents, skiing)

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56
Q

uncommon in most contact sports and usually result from high-energy impacts

A

femoral neck fractures in people < 40yo

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57
Q

femoral neck fractures are common in individuals > 60yo (esp women) because

A

femoral necks are weak and brittle due to hormonal changes leading to osteoporosis

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58
Q

loss of bony mass

A

osteoporosis

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59
Q

presents with groin pain, shortened and laterally (externally) rotated limb

A

femoral neck fracture

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60
Q

femoral neck fracture patients present with

A

groin pain, shortened and laterally (externally) rotated limb

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61
Q

femoral neck fracture patients are at high risk for ___ due to ___ mainly from ___

A

avascular necrosis of the femur head;
interruption of the blood supply to the femoral head;
the medial circumflex femoral artery

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62
Q

death of bone tissue

A

avascular necrosis

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63
Q

interruption of blood supply

A

ischemia

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64
Q

femoral head fractures are often associated with

A

posterior hip dislocation following a dashboard injury

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65
Q

often associated with a posterior hip dislocation following a dashboard injury

A

femoral head fracture

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66
Q

presents with groin pain and medial (lateral) rotation of the leg

A

femoral head fracture

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67
Q

femoral head fracture patients present with

A

groin pain and medial (lateral) rotation of the leg

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68
Q

femoral head fractures may ___ causing ___

A

compress the sciatic nerve;

foot drop

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69
Q

fracture that may compress the sciatic nerve and cause foot drop

A

femoral head

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70
Q

in a dashboard injury to the knee

A

the hip is positioned in flexion, adduction, and internal rotation

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71
Q

in a femoral head fracture, a common position of the ___ during ___ is related to the position during a ___

A

lower extremity;
hip dislocation;
dashboard injury to the knee

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72
Q

slide 17

A

-

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73
Q

The musculature of the thigh can be split into

A

Three sections: anterior, medial, posterior

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74
Q

The muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh are innervated by the… and act to…

A 
Femoral nerve (L2 – L4);
Extend the leg at the knee joint
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75
Q

Innervated by the femoral nerve and extend the leg at the knee joint

A

The muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

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76
Q

The principal blood supply of the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

A

Femoral artery

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77
Q

The femoral artery is the principal blood supply to the

A

Muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh

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78
Q

The three major muscles in the anterior thigh include:

A

Pectineus, Sartorius, quadriceps femoris

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79
Q

The end of the iliopsoas muscle passes into the

A

Anterior compartment of the thigh

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80
Q

The pectineus, Sartorius, quadriceps femoris, and the end of the iliopsoas muscle is included in the

A

Anterior compartment of the thigh

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81
Q

Thigh flexion only:

A

Iliopsoas and pectineus muscles

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82
Q

The iliopsoas muscle is the

A

Strongest flexor

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83
Q

Muscles that insert above the knee

A

pectineus and iliopsoas

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84
Q

Thigh flexion and thigh adduction

A

pectineus muscle

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85
Q

The iliopsoas and pectineus muscles

A

Flex the thigh

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86
Q

Lower leg extension only:

A

Four quadriceps femoris muscles

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87
Q

The four quadriceps femoris muscles include… and perform…

A

Vastus intermedius, medialis, lateralis, rectus femoris;

Lower leg extension

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88
Q

Muscle attached to the hip that helps extend or raise the knee and flexes the thigh

A

Rectus femoris

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89
Q

The only quadriceps muscle that can flex the hip

A

Rectus femoris

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90
Q

The rectus femoris is the only quadriceps muscle that can

A

Flex the hip

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91
Q

Lower leg and thigh flexion

A

Sartorius muscle

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92
Q

Muscle originated in the pelvis and inserted below the knee

A

Sartorius muscle

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93
Q

Muscle that aids in thigh abduction and external rotation

A

Sartorius muscle

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94
Q

The sartorius muscle performs:

A

Lower leg and thigh flexion;

Thigh abduction and external rotation

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95
Q

The sartorius muscle originates in the… and inserts…

A

Pelvis;

below the knee

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96
Q

The rectus femoris muscle is attached to the… and helps to…

A

Hip;

extend or raise the knee; flex the thigh

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97
Q

Proximally attached to the iliacus from the internal aspect of the ileum and the psoas major from the lumbar vertebra

A

iliopsoas

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98
Q

Distally attached to the lesser trochanter of the femur

A

Iliopsoas

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99
Q

The lumbar nerve plexus is formed within

A

Iliopsoas

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100
Q

The iliopsoas muscle is proximally attached to the… And distally attached to the… And acts as a… And forms the…

A

Iliacus from the internal aspect of the ileum and the psoas major from the lumbar vertebra;
lesser trochanter of the femur;
chief thigh flexor;
lumbar nerve plexus within it

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101
Q

Proximally attached to the superior pubic ramus

A

Pectineus

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102
Q

Distally attached to the pectineal line of the femur

A

Pectineus

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103
Q

The floor of the femoral triangle

A

Pectineus

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104
Q

The pectineus muscle is proximally attached to the… And Distally attached to the… Performing… And is the…

A

Superior pubic ramus;
Pectineal line of the femur;
Thigh flexion and abduction;
floor of the femoral triangle

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105
Q

Proximally attached to the anterior superior iliac spine

A

Sartorius

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106
Q

Distally attached to the proximal medial tibia at the pes anserinus

A

Sartorius

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107
Q

Crosses obliquely from lateral to medial as it descends

A

Sartorius

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108
Q

The sartorius muscle is proximally attached to the… And distally attached to the… And performs… And crosses…

A

ASIS;
proximal medial tibia at the pes anserinus;
hip flexion, thigh and knee abduction and lateral rotation, leg flexion;
obliquely from lateral to medial as it descends

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109
Q

Proximally attached to the anterior inferior iliac spine

A

Rectus femoris

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110
Q

Proximally attached to various parts of the femur

A

Vastis intermedius, medialis, lateralis

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111
Q

Distally attached to the common Tendon to the Tibial tuberosity

A

The quadriceps femoris muscles

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112
Q

The rectus femoris is proximally attached to the… And distally attached to the… And performs…

A

Anterior inferior iliac spine;
common tendon to the tibial tuberosity;
knee extension and hip flexion

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113
Q

The vastus intermedius, medialis, and lateralis, or proximally attached to the… And distally attached to the… And perform…

A

Various parts of the femur;
common tendon to the tibial tuberosity;
knee extension

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114
Q

The hip adductors

A

The muscles of the medial thigh compartment

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115
Q

Muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh include:

A

Gracilis, obturator externus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor Magnus

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116
Q

Crosses both hip and knee joints

A

Gracilis muscle

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117
Q

Thigh adductor and lower leg flexor, also contributes to thigh rotation

A

Gracilis muscle

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118
Q

The gracilis muscle crosses… And acts as a… And contributes to…

A

Both hip and knee joints;
Thigh adductor and lower leg flexor;
Thigh rotation

119
Q

Often used as a transplant To replace a damaged muscle in the hand or face

A

Gracilis muscle

120
Q

The gracilis muscle with its nerves and blood vessels are often used as a transplant to replace a damaged muscle in the…

A

Hand or face

121
Q

Can be relocated and repositioned to create a replacement for a non-functional external anal sphincter

A

Gracilis muscle

122
Q

The gracilis muscle can be relocated and repositioned to create…

A

A replacement for a non-functional external anal sphincter

123
Q

The adductor muscles are innervated by the

A

obturator nerve (L2 - L4)

124
Q

The “hamstring part” of the adductor Magnus is innervated by the

A

tibial nerve

125
Q

The obturator nerve innervates

A

The adductor muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh

126
Q

The principal blood supply to the medial compartment of the thigh

A

Obturator artery

127
Q

The obturator artery is the principal blood supply of the

A

Medial compartment of the thigh

128
Q

Proximally attached to the body of the pubis

A

Adductor longus

129
Q

Distally attached to the middle third linea aspera

A

Adductor longus

130
Q

The most anterior medial compartment of the thigh

A

Adductor longus

131
Q

The adductor longus muscle is proximally attached to the… And distally attached to the… Performing… And is the…

A

Body of the pubis;
middle third of the linea aspera;
Thigh adduction;
most anterior

132
Q

Proximally attached to the body and inferior ramus of the pubis

A

Adductor brevis,

Gracilis

133
Q

Distally attached to the proximal linea aspera

A

Adductor brevis

134
Q

Deep to the adductor longus

A

Adductor brevis

135
Q

The adductor Brevis is proximally attached to the… And distally attached to the… Performing… And is…

A

Body and inferior ramus of the pubis;
proximal linea aspera;
Thigh adduction and some flexion;
deep to the Adductor longus

136
Q

Proximally attached to the ischiopubic ramus

A

Adductor portion of the adductor magnus

137
Q

Distally attached to the linea aspera

A

Adductor portion of the adductor magnus

138
Q

Proximally attached to the ischial tuberosity

A

Hamstring portion of the adductor magnus

139
Q

The adductor portion of the adductor Magnus is Proximally attached to the… And distally attached to the… Performing…

A

ischiopubic ramus;
Linea Aspera;
Thigh adduction and flexion

140
Q

The hamstring portion of the adductor magnus is proximally attached to the… and distally attached to the… Performing…

A

Ischial tuberosity;
adductor tubercle;
Thigh extension

141
Q

Distally attached to the proximal medial tibia at the pes anserinus

A

Gracilis

142
Q

The most superficial medial compartment of the thigh

A

Gracilis

143
Q

The Muscle of the medial compartment of the thigh that crosses two joints

A

Gracilis

144
Q

The Gracilis muscle proximally attaches to the… And distally attaches to the… Performing… And is the… That crosses…

A

body and inferior pubic ramus;
proximal medial tibia at the pes anserinus;
Thigh adduction, leg flexion and medial rotation;
most superficial;
two joints

145
Q

Proximally attaches to the margins of the obturator foreman

A

obturator Externus

146
Q

Distally attaches to the trochanteric fossa of the femur

A

obturator Externus

147
Q

The lateral rotator of the medial compartment of the thigh

A

obturator externus

148
Q

The obturator externus proximally attaches to the… And distally attaches to the… Performing…

A

Margins of the obturator foreman;
trochanteric Fossa of the femur;
lateral rotation of the thigh

149
Q

adductor longus muscle strains often occur in

A

sports that require fast acceleration, deceleration, and changes in direction (ice hockey, cricket, breaststroke swimming, football, rugby) or in horseback riders

150
Q

often occur from sports that require fast acceleration, deceleration, and changes in direction

A

muscle strains of the adductor longus

151
Q

often occur in ice hockey, cricket, breaststroke swimming, football, rugby

A

muscle strains of the adductor longus

152
Q

rider’s strain

A

muscle strains of the adductor longus

153
Q

may occur in horseback riders and produce pain

A

muscle strains of the adductor longus (rider’s strain)

154
Q

ossification sometimes occurs in the tendons of the adductor longus because

A

horseback riders actively adduct their thighs to keep from falling off

155
Q

___ sometimes occurs in the ___ because horseback riders ____ to keep from falling off

A

ossification;
tendons of the adductor longus;
actively adduct their thighs

156
Q

the muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh are called ___ and consist of ___

A

the hamstrings;

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

157
Q

the posterior compartment muscles of the thigh act to

A

extend at the hip and flex at the knee

158
Q

the principal blood supply for the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh include:

A

the inferior gluteal and profunda femoris arteries

159
Q

the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus are the muscles of the ___

A

posterior compartment of the thigh, aka hamstrings;

160
Q

muscles innervated by the inferior gluteal and profunda femoris arteries

A

muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh (hamstrings)

161
Q

muscles that extend at the hip and flex at the knee

A

muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh (hamstrings)

162
Q

proximally attached to the ischial tuberosity deep to the gluteus maximus

A

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, long head of the biceps femoris

163
Q

the hamstrings are distally attached to the ___ and act on ___ producing ___

A

bones of the leg;
two joints;
extension at the hip joint and flexion at the knee joint

164
Q

how do you test the hamstrings

A

patient flexes the leg against resistance; these muscles should be prominent as the knee bends

165
Q

common in individuals who run and/or kick hard

A

hamstring strains

166
Q

often occur in running, jumping, and quick-start sports (baseball, basketball, football, soccer)

A

hamstring strains

167
Q

hamstring strains often occur in individuals who

A

run and/or kick hard

168
Q

the violent muscular exertion of the hamstrings can lead to

A

a partial tear of the proximal tendinous attachments of the hamstrings to the ischial tuberosity

169
Q

covers the muscles of the thigh

A

membranous, deep fascia (fascia lata)

170
Q

the fascia lata allows the ___ to ___, making their ___ more efficient in ___ and reduces the ___

A 
muscles;
bind tightly together;
contraction;
compressing deep veins;
overall force required for movement at the hip joint
171
Q

ensures adequate venous return to the heart from the lower limbs

A

more efficient muscle contraction in compressing deep veins

172
Q

the fascia lata is superiorly attached to the

A

pubic symphysis, pubic crest, pubic rami, ischial tuberosity, inguinal and sacro tuberous ligaments, and the sacrum and coccyx

173
Q

the fascia lata is inferiorly attached to the

A

bones of knee

174
Q

the fascia lata is inferiorly continuous with the

A

deep fascia of the leg (crural fascia)

175
Q

allows the thigh muscles to bind tightly together

A

fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh)

176
Q

makes thigh contraction more efficient

A

tightly bound thigh muscles

177
Q

the thickened lateral portion of the fascia lata

A

iliotibial tract (IT band)

178
Q

extends from the iliac crest to the lateral tibial condyle

A

iliotibial tract (IT band)

179
Q

the iliotibial tract (IT band) is the ___ portion of the ___ that extends from the ___ to the ___ and functions to ___ both in ___ and ___, so it’s constantly used when ___

A 
thickened lateral;
fascia lata;
iliac crest; lateral tibial condyle;
stabilizes the knee;
extension; partial flexion
180
Q

when a person is leaning forwards with a slightly ___, the ___ is it’s main support against gravity

A

flexed knee;

iliotibial tract

181
Q

an oval gap in the fascia lata below the inguinal ligament that is covered by the cribriform fascia

A

saphenous opening (saphenous hiatus)

182
Q

part of the superficial fascia of the thigh

A

cribriform fascia

183
Q

Provides a pathway for the greater saphenous vein

A

saphenous opening / hiatus

184
Q

the saphenous opening / hiatus is a(n) ___ in the ___ below the ___ covered by the ___ and provides a ___

A 
oval gap;
fascia lata;
inguinal ligament;
cribriform fascia;
pathway for the greater saphenous vein
185
Q

the fascial compartments of the lower limbs are generally

A

closed spaces

186
Q

trauma to the muscles and/or vessels in the thigh compartments from ___ may produce ___

A

burns, sustained intense use of muscles, or blunt trauma;

hemorrhage, edema, inflammation of the muscles

187
Q

the ___ forming the boundaries of the leg compartments are strong, so increased volume from trauma ___

A

septa and deep fascia of the leg;

increases pressure in the compartments of the thigh (Thigh compartment syndrome)

188
Q

common signs and symptoms associated with thigh compartment syndrome include:

A

“The 5 P’s”:

pain
pallor (pale skin)
paresthesia (numbness)
pulselessness (faint pulse)
paralysis (weakness in movements)
189
Q

the pressure in thigh compartment syndrome may reach levels high enough to ___ in the compartment

A

compress structures

190
Q

particularly vulnerable to compression in the thigh

A

small vessels of muscles and nerves (vasa nervorum)

191
Q

structures ___ to the compressed area may become ___ and ___

A

distal;

ischemic; permanently injured

192
Q

increased pressure in a confined anatomical space adversely affects the ___ and threatens the ___

A 
circulation;
function and viability of tissue within or distally
193
Q

the deep fascia overlying the anterior compartment of the thigh is ___ providing ___

A

superiorly dense;

part of the proximal attachment of the muscle immediately deep to it

194
Q

more susceptible to compartment syndromes

A

anterior compartment of the thigh because is confined on three sides by 2 bones, interosseous membrane, and dense fascia

195
Q

obvious sign of arterial compression

A

loss of distal leg pulses and decreased temperature of tissues distal to the compression

196
Q

loss of distal leg pulses and decreased temperature of distal tissues is an obvious sign of

A

arterial compression

197
Q

incision of overlying fascia or a septum to relieve pressure

A

fasciotomy

198
Q

boundaries of the femoral triangle include:

A

superior: inguinal ligament;
medial: lateral border of adductor longus;
lateral: sartorius

apex: where the medial sartorius crosses the lateral adductor longus

199
Q

contents of the femoral triangle (lateral to medial) include:

A

NAVEL:

Femoral Nerve;
Femoral Artery;
Femoral Vein;
Empty space (femoral canal);
Lymphatics
200
Q

formed by an inferior prolongation of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia from the abdomen, below the inguinal ligament

A

femoral sheath

201
Q

the femoral sheath is formed by ___ from the ___ and is located ___

A

an inferior prolongation of transversalis and iliopsoas fascia;
abdomen;
below the inguinal ligament

202
Q

contents of the femoral sheath include:

A

femoral artery and vein;
femoral branch of genitofemoral nerve;
femoral canal;
deep inguinal lymph nodes

203
Q

the femoral nerve ___ the femoral sheath, ___ to the ___

A

lies outside;

lateral; femoral artery

204
Q

the distal end of the femoral sheath reaches the

A

level of the proximal end of the saphenous opening

205
Q

the femoral sheath is internally subdivided into:

A

lateral compartment for the femoral artery;

intermediate compartment for the femoral vein;

medial compartment (femoral canal)

206
Q

the femoral sheath allows the femoral artery and vein to ___ during ___

A

glide deep to the inguinal ligament;

movements of the hip joint

207
Q

the smallest and most medial part of the femoral sheath

A

femoral canal

208
Q

boundaries of the femoral canal include:

A

medial: lacunar ligament;
lateral: femoral vein;
anterior: inguinal ligament;
posterior: pectineal ligament, superior ramus of the pubic bone, and pectineus muscle

209
Q

opening to the femoral canal

A

femoral ring

210
Q

the femoral ring is located at the ___ of the ___

A

superior border;

femoral canal

211
Q

part of the intestine can sometimes pass through the ___ into the ___ causing a ___

A

femoral ring;
femoral canal;
femoral hernia

212
Q

a femoral hernia can be caused if ___ passes through the ___ into the ___

A

part of the intestine;
femoral ring;
femoral canal

213
Q

contents of the femoral canal include:

A

lymphatic vessels;
deep lymph node (lacunar node);
empty space;
loose connective tissue

214
Q

the lymphatic vessels of the femoral canal drain the

A

deep inguinal lymph nodes

215
Q

deep lymph node

A

lacunar node

216
Q

allows distension of the adjacent femoral vein

A

empty space of the femoral canal

217
Q

the empty space of the femoral canal allows

A

distension of the adjacent femoral vein

218
Q

allows the femoral vein to cope with increased venous return or increased intra-abdominal pressure

A

distension of the adjacent femoral vein

219
Q

distension of the adjacent femoral vein allows

A

the femoral vein to cope with increased venous return or increased intra-abdominal pressure

220
Q

weak area in the anterior abdominal wall that normally is of a size sufficient to admit the tip of the little finger

A

femoral ring

221
Q

the femoral ring is a ___ in the ___ that’s normally the size sufficient to ___

A

weak area;
anterior abdominal wall;
admit the tip of the little finger

222
Q

usual originating site of a femoral hernia

A

femoral ring

223
Q

protrusion of abdominal viscera

A

femoral hernia

224
Q

loop of small intestine

A

abdominal viscera

225
Q

a femoral hernia appears as a ___ in the ___, ___ and ___

A

tender mass;
femoral triangle;
below the inguinal ligament;
lateral to the pubic tubercle

226
Q

the femoral hernia is bounded by the

A

femoral vein (laterally) and the lacunar ligament (medially)

227
Q

compresses the contents of the femoral canal

A

hernial sac

228
Q

females have a

A

wider pelvis and smaller inguinal canals and rings

229
Q

the rigid boundaries of the femoral ring may cause ___ which interferes with the ___ to the ___ and may result in ___ which can be ___

A

strangulation of a femoral hernia;
blood supply; herniated intestine;
necrosis (death) of tissue;
fatal

230
Q

Begins at the apex of the femoral triangle and ends at the adductor hiatus (hiatus tendineus)

A

adductor canal

231
Q

Lies between the adductor magnus and longus muscles and the vastus medialis muscle, and is covered by the sartorius muscle and fascia

A

adductor canal

232
Q

the adductor canal begins at the ___ and ends at the ___ and lies between the ___ and is covered by the ___ and contains the ___

A 
apex of the femoral triangle;
adductor hiatus (hiatus tendineus);

adductor magnus and longus muscles and the vastus medialis muscle;

sartorius muscle and fascia;

femoral artery and vein, the saphenous nerve, and the nerve to the vastus medialis

233
Q

formed by the thickened inferior edge of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle as this attaches to the bones of the pelvis

A

inguinal ligament

234
Q

Anchors the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle to the pelvis.

A

inguinal ligament

235
Q

Protects a number of important structures as they pass from the pelvic cavity into the thigh and inguinal canal

A

inguinal ligament

236
Q

forms the base of the femoral triangle and the floor of the inguinal canal

A

inguinal ligament

237
Q

the inguinal ligament is formed by the ___ that attaches to the ___, is superiorly attached to the ___, and inserts onto the ___

A

thickened inferior edge of the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle;
bones of the pelvis;

ASIS of the ilium;

pubic tubercle of the pubic bone

238
Q

the functions of the inguinal ligament include:

A

anchors aponeurosis of external oblique to the pelvis;

protects important structures as they pass from the pelvic cavity into the thigh and inguinal canal;

forms the base of the femoral triangle and the floor of the inguinal canal

239
Q

___ of the inguinal ligament pass ___ to attach to the___, forming the ___

A

deeper fibers;
posteriorly;
superior pubic ramus;
lacunar ligament (ligament of Gimbernat)

240
Q

ligament of Gimbernat

A

lacunar ligament

241
Q

the most ___ of the deeper fibers of the inguinal ligament continue to run along the ___ as the ___

A

lateral;
pecten pubis;
pectineal ligament (ligament of Cooper)

242
Q

ligament of Cooper

A

pectineal ligament

243
Q

the inguinal ligament crosses anterior to the

A

iliopsoas and pectineus muscles, the femoral nerve, the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh and inguinal lymph nodes

244
Q

the point where the external iliac artery becomes the femoral artery and the femoral vein becomes the external iliac vein

A

inguinal ligament

245
Q

the inguinal ligament is the point where the ___ becomes the ___, and the ___ becomes the ___

A

external iliac artery;
femoral artery;

femoral vein;
external iliac vein

246
Q

landmark for the femoral nerve

A

midpoint of the inguinal ligament

247
Q

the midpoint of the inguinal ligament is located

A

halfway between the ASIS and pubic tubercle

248
Q

the mid-inguinal point is located

A

halfway between the pubic symphysis and ASIS

249
Q

can palpate the femoral arterial pulse here

A

mid-inguinal point

250
Q

halfway between the pubic symphysis and ASIS

A

mid-inguinal point

251
Q

main arterial supply to the lower limb

A

femoral artery

252
Q

the femoral artery begins at the level of ___ as continuation of the ___ and ends at the ___, then enters the ___ and becomes the ___

A 
the inguinal ligament;
external iliac artery;
adductor hiatus;
popliteal fossa;
popliteal artery
253
Q

the femoral artery descends through the ___ and lies ___ in the femoral triangle

A

femoral triangle;

medial to the femoral nerve and lateral to the femoral vein

254
Q

the femoral artery and its branches supplies

A

most of the thigh and the entirety of the leg and foot

255
Q

femoral artery branch that supplies the inferior part of the anterior abdominal wall

A

superficial circumflex iliac artery and superficial epigastric artery

256
Q

the superficial circumflex iliac artery and superficial epigastric artery supplies the

A

inferior part of the anterior abdominal wall

257
Q

femoral artery branch that supplies the external genitalia

A

superficial and deep external pudendal arteries

258
Q

the superficial and deep external pudendal arteries supply the

A

external genitalia

259
Q

largest and most important branch of the femoral artery

A

profunda femoris artery

260
Q

the profunda femoris artery is the chief source of blood supply for the ___, originates from the ___ in the ___, passes ___ to the ___ and ___ to the ___, and terminates as the ___, piercing the ___

A

thigh musculature;

femoral artery; femoral triangle;

posterior; adductor longus;

anterior; adductor brevis and magnus;

4th perforating artery;

adductor magnus

261
Q

passes posteriorly between the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles, supplying the muscles of the medial compartment, femur, and hip joint

A

medial circumflex femoral artery

262
Q

runs laterally anterior to the iliopsoas between branches of the femoral nerve, passes posterior to the sartorius and rectus femoris, and supplies muscles of the anterior compartment, femur, and the joints of the hip and knee

A

lateral circumflex femoral artery

263
Q

usually 4 that pierce the adductor magnus and supply to the posterior compartment muscles

A

perforating arteries

264
Q

terminal branch of the profunda femoris artery

A

4th perforating artery

265
Q

the medial circumflex femoral artery passes ___ and supplies the ___

A

posteriorly between the iliopsoas and pectineus muscles;

muscles of the medial compartment, femur, and hip joint

266
Q

the lateral circumflex femoral artery runs ___, passes ___, and supplies the ___

A

laterally anterior to the iliopsoas between branches of the femoral nerve;

posterior to the sartorius and rectus femoris;

muscles of the anterior compartment, femur, and the joints of the hip and knee

267
Q

the perforating arteries pierce the ___ and supply the ___

A

adductor magnus;

muscles of the posterior compartment

268
Q

((check muscular branches in the video))

A

dont forget

269
Q

emerges into the upper thigh from beneath the inguinal ligament one third of the distance from the symphysis pubis to the ASIS

A

common femoral artery

270
Q

optimal site for palpation of the femoral pulse (site of auscultation)

A

in the inner thigh, at the mid-inguinal point, halfway between the pubic symphysis and ASIS

271
Q

the common femoral artery emerges into the ___ from ___

A

upper thigh;

beneath the inguinal ligament 1/3 distance from the symphysis pubis to the ASIS

272
Q

largest branch of the lumbar plexus

A

femoral nerve

273
Q

the femoral nerve originates from the ___ of the vertebral column

A

posterior divisions of ventral rami L2-L4

274
Q

the femoral nerve emerges from the ___, descends in the ___, enters the ___ by passing ___, and terminates by ___

A

lateral border of the psoas major muscle within the abdomen;

interval between the psoas major and iliacus;

thigh; posterior to the inguinal ligament;

dividing into branches about 4cm inferior to the inguinal ligament

275
Q

the femoral nerve is located ___ in the femoral triangle

A

lateral to the femoral artery and outside the femoral sheath

276
Q

the muscular branches of the femoral nerve innervate:

A

iliacus,
sartorius,
pectineus,
and 4 heads of the quadriceps femoris

277
Q

the anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve innervate the

A

skin of the anterior surface and part of the medial surface of the thigh

278
Q

the articular branches of the femoral artery innervate the

A

hip and knee joints

279
Q

the terminal cutaneous branch of the femoral nerve is the ___ that passes ___ in the ___ and crosses the ___ to supply the ___

A 
saphenous nerve;
inferiorly and medially; 
femoral triangle and adductor canal;
femoral artery anteriorly;
skin of the medial aspect of the leg and along the medial border of the foot to the ball of the big toe
280
Q

indications of a femoral nerve block

A

femur, patella, quadriceps tendon, and knee surgery;

analgesia for hip fracture

281
Q

ultrasound of a femoral nerve block may

A

reduce the risk of a femoral artery puncture

282
Q

the femoral nerve is ___ to the vessel and covered by the ___

A

lateral femoral artery;

fascia iliac

283
Q

the obturator artery originates in the ___ from the ___, runs ___ with the ___, leaves the ___ and enters the ___ via the ___, and passes ___

A

pelvis; internal iliac artery;

anteriorly on the lateral pelvic wall; obturator nerve and vein;

pelvis; medial compartment of the thigh; obturator canal;

around the margins of the obturator foramen

284
Q

upper part of the obturator foramen

A

obturator canal

285
Q

the obturator artery helps the ___ supply the ___ via ___, which anastomose

A

profunda femoris artery;
adductor muscles;
anterior and posterior branches

286
Q

the ___ of the obturator artery gives off ___ branch that supplies the ___

A

posterior branch;
acetabular;
head of the femur

287
Q

receives tributaries that correspond to branches of the obturator artery and drains into internal iliac vein

A

obturator vein

288
Q

the obturator vein drains into the

A

internal iliac vein

289
Q

the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve arises from the ___, passes through the ___, runs ___, and emerges from the ___, descends in the ___ and pierces the ___, to innervate the ___

A

sacral plexus (S1-S3);

greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis muscle;

deep to the gluteus maximus muscle;

inferior border of the gluteus maximus muscle;

posterior midline of the thigh deep to the fascia lata;

fascia lata near the popliteal fossa;

skin of the buttock, posterior thigh, and calf

290
Q

the obturator nerve supplies the

A

skin on the medial aspect of the thigh

291
Q

the superficial inguinal group of lymph nodes is located ___, receives lymph from the ___, and drains into the ___

A

subcutaneously near the saphenofemoral junction and drains the superficial thigh region;

anterolateral abdominal wall below the umbilicus, gluteal region, lower parts of the vagina and anus, and external genitalia except the glands;

external iliac nodes

292
Q

the deep inguinal group of lymph nodes is located ___, receives lymph from the ___, and drains into the ___

A

deep to the fascia lata on the medial side of the femoral vein;

deep lymph vessels (efferents of the popliteal nodes) that accompany the femoral vessels and from the glans penis / clitoris;

external iliac nodes

293
Q

Small branch that originates from femoral artery before it pierces the adductor magnus

A

descending genicular artery

294
Q

the descending genicular artery contributes to

A

arterial anastomosis around knee joint

MSK - OMS I (11 decks)

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