TBL 10 Flashcards

Bones of arm, wrist, and hand

1
Q

bone on the lateral side of the forearm

A

radius

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2
Q

the radius proximally articulates with the ____ and the ____ to form the elbow joint

A

capitulum of the humerus; radial notch of the ulna

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3
Q

the radius distally articulates with the ____ and ___ in the wrist

A

head of the ulna; scaphoid and lunate bones

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4
Q

during pronation and supination, the radius rotates about its _____ at its proximal end and circumducts the ___ at its distal end

A

long axis; ulna

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5
Q

the expanded, round, proximal end of the radius

A

radial head

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6
Q

shallow concavity for articulation with the humerus capitulum

A

proximal surface of the radius

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7
Q

part of the radius that articulates with the radial notch of the ulna

A

periphery of the radius

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8
Q

head of the radius is at its ___ end, while the head of the ulna is at its ___ end

A

proximal; distal

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9
Q

constricted area immediately distal to the radial head

A

radial neck

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10
Q

area on the anteromedial, proximal aspect of the radius, distal to the neck

A

radial tuberosity

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11
Q

the insertion site of the biceps brachii muscle

A

radial tuberosity

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12
Q

the radial tuberosity is the insertion site for the

A

biceps brachii muscle

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13
Q

the elongated midportion of the radius that widens along its proximal to distal extent

A

radial body (shaft)

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14
Q

medial border of the radial shaft forms

A

sharp crest (interosseous border)

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15
Q

purpose of the interosseous border

A

attachment of the interosseous membrane

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16
Q

binds together radius and ulna

A

interosseous membrane

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17
Q

shallow depression on distal, medial aspect of the radius

A

ulnar notch

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18
Q

articular surface for the head of the ulna

A

ulnar notch

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19
Q

distal projection from the lateral, distal aspect of the radius

A

styloid process

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20
Q

extends lateral to the proximal row of carpal bones

A

styloid process

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21
Q

forms the distal surface of the radius

A

carpal articular surface

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22
Q

articulates laterally with the scaphoid and medially with the lunate bones

A

carpal articular surface

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23
Q

bone that lies on the medial side of the forearm

A

ulna

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24
Q

the ulna proximally articulates with the ___ and ___ in the elbow joint

A

trochlea of the humerus, head of the radius

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25
Q

the ulna distally articulates with the

A

ulnar notch of the radius

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26
Q

bone characterized by large, hook-shaped proximal end

A

ulna

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27
Q

easily palpable proximal end of the ulna

A

olecranon

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28
Q

forms the “point” of the elbow

A

olecranon

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29
Q

insertion site of the triceps brachii muscle

A

olecranon

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30
Q

the olecranon is the insertion site of the

A

triceps brachii muscle

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31
Q

beaklike tip of the olecanon fits into the ____ of the humerus when the elbow is extended

A

olecranon fossa

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32
Q

anterior projection forming the inferior end of the proximal end of the ulna

A

coronoid process

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33
Q

large, crescent-shaped notch on the anterior aspect of the proximal end of the ulna

A

trochlear notch

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34
Q

articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

A

trochlear notch of the ulna

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35
Q

articular surface for the head of the radius

A

radial notch of the ulna

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36
Q

anterior aspect of the coronoid process

A

ulnar tuberosity

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37
Q

insertion area for the brachialis muscle

A

ulnar tuberosity

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38
Q

the ulnar tuberosity serves as the insertion point for the

A

brachialis muscle

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39
Q

elongated midportion of the ulna

A

ulnar body (shaft)

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40
Q

rounded and subcutaneous and easily palpable along the entire length of the ulna

A

posterior aspect of the ulnar body

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41
Q

lateral border of the ulnar shaft forms

A

sharp crest (interosseous border)

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42
Q

the interosseous border is formed by the ___ of the radius and the ___ of the ulna

A

medial border; lateral border

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43
Q

small, rounded distal end of the ulna

A

ulnar head

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44
Q

has an articular surface on its lateral side for contact with the ulnar notch of the radius

A

ulnar head

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45
Q

small projection from the posterolateral, distal end of the ulna

A

styloid process

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46
Q

the styloid process is a projection from the ___ of the radius and the ___ of the ulna

A

lateral, distal aspect; posterolateral, distal end

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47
Q

the radial tuberosity is on the ____ of the radius

A

anteromedial, proximal aspect

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48
Q

strong triangular bands that are medial and lateral thickenings of the fibrous layer of the joint capsule

A

collateral ligaments

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49
Q

the ligament that extends from the lateral epicondyle of the humerus

A

lateral radial collateral ligament

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50
Q

the fan-like radial collateral ligament extends from the

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

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51
Q

ligament that encircles and holds the radial head in the radial notch of the ulna

A

anular ligament

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52
Q

ligament that extends from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna

A

medial ulnar collateral ligament

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53
Q

8 small bones comprising of the hand

A

carpal bones

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54
Q

at birth, the carpal bones are

A

cartilaginous

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55
Q

what happens to the carpal bones during the first year of growth

A

the capitate begins to ossify

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56
Q

what happens to the carpal bones by the 12th year of growth

A

all bones are ossified

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57
Q

the proximal row of the carpal bones contain:

A

scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform

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58
Q

which carpal bones articulate with the radius

A

scaphoid and lunate

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59
Q

the distal row of the carpal bones contain:

A

trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate

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60
Q

carpal bone that forms a saddle joint with the first metacarpal bone, allowing great mobility of the thumb

A

trapezium

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61
Q

central and largest carpal bone

A

capitate

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62
Q

carpal bone that contains a hook

A

hamate

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63
Q

the hook-shaped attachment points of the flexor retinaculum

A

hamulus

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64
Q

largest, most lateral carpal bone of the proximal row

A

scaphoid

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65
Q

the scaphoid is located in the floor of the

A

anatomical snuffbox

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66
Q

frequently fractured by impact on the base of the hand when the wrist is hyperextended and abducted

A

scaphoid

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67
Q

the scaphoid is frequently fractured on the base of the hand when the wrist is

A

hyperextended and abducted

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68
Q

roughly semilunar-shaped carpal bone located between the scaphoid and triquetrum

A

lunate

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69
Q

roughly pyramidal-shaped carpal bone

A

triquetrum

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70
Q

most medial bone in the proximal carpal row

A

triquetrum

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71
Q

carpal bone that lies anterior to the triquetrum

A

pisiform

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72
Q

small, pea-shaped, sesamoid carpal bone formed in the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

A

pisiform

73
Q

the pisiform is formed in the tendon of the

A

flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

74
Q

the arrangement of bones forms a deep ___ groove on the ___ aspect of the wrist

A

concave; ventral

75
Q

the concave groove on the ventral aspect of the wrist is roofed over by a strong ligamentous band called

A

flexor retinaculum

76
Q

the flexor retinaculum ligamentous band covering the ventral concave groove of the wrist forms the

A

carpal tunnel

77
Q

conveys several flexor tendons and the median nerve into the hand

A

carpal tunnel

78
Q

the carpal tunnel conveys several ___ tendons and the ___ nerve into the hand

A

flexor; median

79
Q

compression of the carpal tunnel space and/or trauma to its contents results in

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

80
Q

most common carpal bone fracture

A

scaphoid fracture

81
Q

blood supply to the scaphoid is transmitted via the

A

distal segment

82
Q

scaphoid fracture at the waist between the proximal and distal poles can compromise the blood supply to the proximal segment, resulting in

A

nonunion and avascular necrosis

83
Q

5 bones located between the carpal bones and the phalanges of the hand

A

metacarpal bones

84
Q

bones that comprise the body of the hand

A

metacarpal bones

85
Q

bones that make up the fingers

A

phalanges

86
Q

metacarpal bones are numbered 1-5 starting with the most

A

lateral unit (thumb)

87
Q

the proximal end of the metacarpal bone

A

base

88
Q

articulates with the distal row of carpal bones

A

metacarpal base

89
Q

elongate, slender midportion of the metacarpal bone

A

metacarpal body (shaft)

90
Q

the metacarpal shaft is slightly ___ and is triangular in ___ section

A

concave anteriorly; transverse

91
Q

the rounded distal end of the metacarpal bone

A

metacarpal head

92
Q

articulates with the proximal phalanx of the corresponding digit and forms a knuckle of the hand

A

metacarpal head

93
Q

what forms the knuckle of the hand

A

metacarpal head + proximal phalanx

94
Q

shortest and most mobile metacarpal bone

A

first metacarpal bone of the thumb

95
Q

the first metacarpal bone of the thumb occupies a more ___ position

A

anterior

96
Q

the first metacarpal bone of the thumb is rotated ___ so that its ___ surface is directed ___ rather than posteriorly

A

medially; extensor; laterally

97
Q

bones that comprise the digits of the hand

A

phalanges

98
Q

how many phalanges does the thumb have

A

2 (proximal and distal)

99
Q

how many phalanges do the digits, excluding the thumb, have

A

3 (proximal, middle, distal)

100
Q

articulates with the head of the corresponding metacarpal bone

A

phalangeal base of each proximal phalanx

101
Q

articulates with the head of the next most proximal phalanx

A

phalangeal base of the middle and distal phalanx

102
Q

which phalanx has a short body

A

distal

103
Q

articulates with the base of the next most distal phalanx

A

phalangeal head of each proximal and middle phalanx

104
Q

the phalangeal base of each proximal phalanx articulates with the

A

head of the corresponding metacarpal bone

105
Q

the phalangeal base of the middle and distal phalanx articulates with the

A

head of the next most proximal phalanx

106
Q

the phalangeal head of each proximal and middle phalanx articulates with the

A

base of the next most distal phalanx

107
Q

in the hand, the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus muscles invaginate a

A

common synovial sheath

108
Q

a common synovial sheath is invaginated by the tendons of the

A

flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus muscles

109
Q

the medial part of the common synovial sheath extends ___ without interruption on the tendons of the ___ finger

A

distally; little

110
Q

the ___ part of the common synovial sheath extends distally

A

medial

111
Q

the lateral part of the common synovial sheath ends on the ___ of the palm

A

middle

112
Q

the ___ part of the common synovial sheath ends on the middle of the ___

A

lateral; palm

113
Q

the distal ends of the ___ tendons of the index, middle, and ring fingers acquire digital synovial sheaths as they enter the fingers

A

long flexor

114
Q

the ___ ends of the long flexor tendons of the ___, ___, ___ fingers acquire digital synovial sheaths as they

A

distal; index, middle, ring; enter the fingers

115
Q

the distal ends of the long flexor tendons of the index, middle, and ring fingers acquire ___ as they enter the fingers

A

digital synovial sheaths

116
Q

the ___ tendon has its own synovial sheath that passes into the thumb

A

flexor pollicis longus

117
Q

the flexor pollicis longus tendon has its own synovial sheath (radial bursa) that passes into the

A

thumb

118
Q

the synovial sheath of the flexor pollicis longus is also called

A

radial bursa

119
Q

the radial bursa allow the long tendons to move ___ with minimum ___ beneath the ___ and the ___

A

smoothly; friction; flexor retinaculum; fibrous flexor sheaths

120
Q

the ___ allow the long tendons to move smoothly with minimum friction beneath the flexor retinaculum and the fibrous flexor sheaths

A

synovial sheath of the flexor pollicis longus (radial bursa)

121
Q

communicates with the common synovial sheath of the superficialis and profundus tendons at the wrist

A

radial bursa

122
Q

the common synovial sheath of the superficialis and profundus tendons is also called the

A

ulnar bursa

123
Q

red communicating pattern denotes

A

ulnar bursa, or cases of radial-ulnar bursa communication

124
Q

yellow communicating patter denotes

A

radial bursa

125
Q

take home message

A

infection may spread anyway

126
Q

the 4 tendons of the extensor digitorum emerge from under the ___ and fan out over the ___

A

extensor retinaculum; dorsum of the hand

127
Q

the 4 tendons of the ___ emerge from ___ the extensor retinaculum and fan out ___ the dorsum of the hand

A

extensor digitorum; under; over

128
Q

the 4 tendons of the extensor digitorum are embedded in the

A

deep fascia

129
Q

adjacent tendons of the extensor digitorum are linked proximal to the metacarpophalangeal joints by

A

3 oblique intertendinous connections

130
Q

___ tendons of the extensor digitorum are linked ___ to the ___ joints by 3 oblique intertendinous connections

A

adjacent; proximally; metacarpaphalangeal

131
Q

restrict independent extension of the 4 medial digits

A

3 oblique intertendinous connections

132
Q

the 3 oblique intertendinous connections restrict independent extension of the

A

4 medial digits, esp ring finger

133
Q

3 oblique intertendinous connections restrict independent ___ of the 4 medial digits

A

extension

134
Q

none of the medial digits can remain fully ___ while the others are fully ___

A

flexed; extended

135
Q

the ___ tendon of the extensor digitorum is fused initially with the tendon to the ring finger

A

fourth

136
Q

the fourth tendon of the extensor digitorum reaches the little finger by

A

an intertendinous connection

137
Q

the extensor tendon joins the fascial expansion on the ___ surface of each finger

A

posterior

138
Q

the fascial expansion is also called the

A

extensor expansion

139
Q

the extensor expansion splits into 3 parts near the

A

proximal interphalangeal joint

140
Q

the extensor expansion splits into

A

a central part and two lateral parts

141
Q

the central part of the extensor expansion is inserted into the

A

base of the middle phalanx

142
Q

the base of the middle phalanx is inserted by the ___ of the extensor expansion

A

central part

143
Q

the two lateral parts of the extensor expansion converge to insert into the

A

base of the distal phalanx

144
Q

the base of the distal phalanx is inserted by the ___ of the extensor expansion

A

convergence of the 2 lateral parts

145
Q

the skin is thick and tightly bound to the underlying deep fascia by

A

numerous fibrous bands

146
Q

fibrous bands bind the skin to the

A

underlying deep fascia

147
Q

small superficial muscle located over the hypothenar eminence

A

palmaris brevis

148
Q

the palmaris brevis is located over the

A

hypothenar eminence

149
Q

origin of the palmaris brevis

A

flexor retinaculum and palmar aponeurosis

150
Q

insertion of the palmaris brevis

A

skin on the medial border of the palm of the hand

151
Q

innervation of the palmaris brevis

A

superficial branch of the ulnar nerve

152
Q

the superficial branch of the ulnar nerve innervates

A

palmaris brevis

153
Q

corrugates the skin of the hypothenar eminence to improve the grip of the palm

A

palmaris brevis

154
Q

improves the grip of the palm

A

palmaris brevis

155
Q

thinner over the thenar and hypothenar eminences

A

deep fascia of the palm

156
Q

thicker on the central area of the palm

A

deep fascia of the palm

157
Q

forms the palmar aponeurosis

A

deep fascia of the palm

158
Q

the deep fascia of the palm is thinner over the ___ and thicker over the ___

A

thenar and hypothenar eminences; central area of the palm

159
Q

the palmar aponeurosis is ___-shaped

A

triangular

160
Q

the ___ of the palmar aponeurosis is directed proximally to attach to the flexor retinaculum

A

apex

161
Q

the apex of the palmar aponeurosis is directed ___ to attach to the ___ where it receives insertion of the ___

A

proximally; flexor retinaculum; palmaris longus tendon

162
Q

the ___ of the palmar aponeurosis is directed distally at the base of the fingers

A

base

163
Q

the base of the palmar aponeurosis is directed ___ at the ___ of the fingers where it divides into ___ which become continuous with ___

A

distally; base; four slips; fibrous flexor (digital) sheaths

164
Q

thickened to form the flexor retinaculum and the palmar aponeurosis

A

deep fascia of the wrist

165
Q

the deep fascia of the wrist is thickened to form the

A

flexor retinaculum and the palmar aponeurosis

166
Q

triangular and occupies the central area of the palm

A

palmar aponeurosis

167
Q

the apex of the palmar aponeurosis is attached to the ___ of the flexor retinaculum

A

distal border

168
Q

the medial and lateral borders of the palmar aponeurosis are continuous with the

A

thinner deep fascia

169
Q

continuous with the thinner deep fascia covering the thenar and hypothenar muscles

A

medial and lateral borders of the palmar aponeurosis

170
Q

pass deeply into the palm and take part in the formation of the palmar fascial spaces

A

fibrous septa

171
Q

gives firm attachment to the overlying skin

A

palmar aponeurosis

172
Q

improves the grip and protects the underlying tendons

A

palmar aponeurosis

173
Q

complete fracture of the radius bone of the forearm close to the wrist resulting in an upward (posterior) displacement of the radius and deformity

A

Colles fracture

174
Q

a Colles fracture results in ___ displacement of the ___

A

an upward (posterior); radius

175
Q

Colles fracture is commonly called

A

dinner-fork deformity

176
Q

location of Colles fracture

A

distal radius

177
Q

break to the distal radius with the distal end displaced anteriorly

A

Smith fracture

178
Q

occurs by a fall on a flexed wrist

A

Smith fracture

179
Q

Smith fracture occurs by a fall on a

A

flexed wrist