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MSK - OMS I > TBL 11 > Flashcards

TBL 11 Flashcards

1
Q

extends from the elbow to the wrist and contains the radius and ulna, joined by interosseous membrane

A

forearm

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2
Q

strongly but flexibly connects the forearm bones permitting pronation and supination

A

interosseous membrane

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3
Q

provides proximal attachment for some deep forearm muscles

A

interosseous membrane

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4
Q

forearm is divided into:

A

3 fascial compartments (anterior, lateral, posterior)

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5
Q

muscles that lay within the same fascial compartment have

A

similar action and innervation

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6
Q

muscles that produce mainly flexion or pronation

A

anterior compartment muscles

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7
Q

the anterior compartment muscles produce mainly

A

flexion or pronation

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8
Q

nerve(s) that supplies the anterior compartment

A

median and ulnar

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9
Q

the median and ulnar nerves supply the

A

anterior compartment (AC)

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10
Q

muscles that produce mainly extension or supination

A

lateral (LC) and posterior (PC) compartment muscles

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11
Q

the lateral compartment muscles produce mainly

A

extension and supination

LES

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12
Q

the posterior compartment muscles produce mainly

A

extension and supination

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13
Q

nerve(s) that supplies the lateral compartment

A

radial nerve

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14
Q

nerve(s) that supplies the posterior compartment

A

radial nerve

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15
Q

anatomically, the proximal end of the forearm is defined by the

A

joint plane of the elbow

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16
Q

functionally, the forearm includes the

A

distal humerus

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17
Q

to maximize their functionality in close proximity, the wrist and hand are operated by

A

extrinsic muscles

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18
Q

extrinsic muscles have their bulky, contractile parts in the ___ and ___ extending distally to the palm and fingers

A

forearm; long tendons

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19
Q

extrinsic muscles have their ___ in the forearm and long tendons extending ___ to the ___

A

bulky, contractile parts; distally; palm and fingers

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20
Q

flexors lie

A

anteriorly

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21
Q

extensors lie

A

posteriorly

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22
Q

attachment site of the chief flexors and extensors of the elbow

A

medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus

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23
Q

the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus are the attachment site of the chief ___ and ___ of the ___

A

flexors; extensors; elbow

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24
Q

articulation of the elbow joint is between the ___ and ___ of the humerus and the ___ of the ulna and ___ of the radius

A

trochlea; capitulum;
trochlear notch;
head

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25
Q

articulation between the trochlea and capitulum of the humerus, trochlear notch of the ulna, and the head of the radius

A

elbow joint

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26
Q

ligaments that surround the joint

A

joint capsule

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27
Q

the elbow joint capsule is anteriorly attached to the humerus along the upper margins of the ___, to the front of the ___, to the margin of the ___, and to the ___ ligament

A

coronoid fossa and radial fossa;
medial and lateral epicondyles;
coronoid process of the ulna;
anular ligament

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28
Q

the elbow joint capsule is posteriorly attached above to the margins of the ___, and below to the upper margin and sides of the ___, and to the ___ ligament

A

olecranon fossa of the humerus;
olecranon process of the ulna;
anular

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29
Q

lines the capsule and covers fatty pads in the floors of the coronoid, radial, and olecranon fossae

A

synovial membrane of the elbow joint

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30
Q

the synovial membrane of the elbow joint is continuous below with the synovial membrane of the

A

proximal radioulnar joint

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31
Q

the synovial membrane of the elbow joint lines the ___ and covers ___ in the floors of the ___

A

capsule; fatty pads; coronoid, radial, and olecranon fossae

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32
Q

continuous below with the synovial membrane of the proximal radioulnar joint

A

synovial membrane of the elbow joint

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33
Q

nerve supply of the elbow joint

A

branches from the median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves

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34
Q

triangular and attached by its apex to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and by its base to the upper margin of the anular ligament

A

lateral (radial) collateral ligament

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35
Q

the radial collateral ligament is attached by its apex to the ___ and by its base to the ___

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus;

upper margin of the anular ligament

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36
Q

ligament that runs around the head of the radius

A

anular

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37
Q

ligament with 3 bands (or bundles) forming a triangle

A

medial (ulnar) collateral ligament

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38
Q

bundle that passes from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the medial margin of the coronoid process

A

anterior

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39
Q

the anterior bundle passes from the ___ to the ___

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus;

medial margin of the coronoid process

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40
Q

the posterior bundle passes from the ___ to the ___

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus;

medial side of the olecranon

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41
Q

bundle that passes from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the medial side of the olecranon

A

posterior

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42
Q

passes between the ulnar attachments of the anterior and posterior bands

A

transverse ligament

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43
Q

movements of the elbow joint include:

A

only flexion and extension

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44
Q

when the arm is down at the side with the forearm extended, the long axis of the forearm lies at an angle to the long axis of the arm of 10-15 degrees out from the body laterally

A

carrying angle of the elbow joint

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45
Q

the carrying angle of the elbow joint is ___ degrees between ___

A

10-15; the long axis of the forearm and the long axis of the arm

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46
Q

what happens to the carrying angle when the elbow joint is fully flexed

A

disappears

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47
Q

when the carrying angle is >15 degrees

A

cubitus valgus

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48
Q

increases the risk of ulnar neuropathy

A

cubitus valgus

LmNoP

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49
Q

cubitus valgus increases the risk of

A

ulnar neuropathy and ulnar nerve damage

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50
Q

when the carrying angle is <10 degrees

A

cubitus varus

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51
Q

cubitus varus increases the risk of

A

a supracondylar fracture (humeral) and can cause ulnar nerve problems

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52
Q

increases the risk of a supracondylar fracture (humeral)

A

cubitus varus

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53
Q

what can cause ulnar nerve problems and/or damage

A

cubitus varus and cubitus valgus

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54
Q

articulation is between the head of the radius, the anular ligament, and the radial notch of the ulna

A

proximal radioulnar joint

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55
Q

the proximal radioulnar joint articulates between the

A

head of the radius, anular ligament, and radial notch of the ulna

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56
Q

encloses the joint and is continuous with that of the elbow joint

A

proximal radioulnar joint capsule

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57
Q

attached to the anterior and posterior margins of the radial notch on the ulna and forms a collar around the head of the radius

A

anular ligament

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58
Q

ligament of proximal radioulnar joint

A

anular ligament

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59
Q

ligament continuous above with the capsule of the elbow joint

A

anular ligament

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60
Q

is the anular ligament attached to the radius

A

no

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61
Q

anular ligament is attached __ and forms a collar around __

A

anterior and poster margins of the radial notch on the ulna;

head of the radius

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62
Q

nerve supply of proximal radioulnar joint includes:

A

branches of the median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves

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63
Q

movements of the proximal radioulnar joint include:

A

pronation and supination of the forearm

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64
Q

proximal radioulnar joint: the __ of the radius fits into the ___ of the ulna

A

head; radial notch

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65
Q

radial head is held in place in the radial notch of the ulna by the

A

anular ligaments

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66
Q

anular ligaments hold the

A

radial head in place in the radial notch of the ulna

67
Q

occurs when the elbow is pulled on and the anular ligament is displaced

A

radial head subluxation (nursemaid’s elbow)

68
Q

radial head subluxation often results from

A

axial traction on a pronated forearm with the elbow extended

69
Q

in nursemaid’s elbow, the sudden pulling on the distal radius causes the anular ligament to

A

slip over the head of the radius and slide into the radiohumeral joint where it becomes trapped

70
Q

classic mechanism of a __ is common in RHS

A

“pull injury”

71
Q

in nursemaid’s elbow, pain occurs

A

with even mild supination of the forearm

72
Q

unites the shafts of the radius and ulna

A

interosseous membrane

73
Q

interosseous membrane fibers run obliquely ___ and ___

A

downward and medially;

resist proximal displacement of the radius

74
Q

interosseous membranes prevent you from

A

pushing the radius up

75
Q

due to the presence of the interosseous membrane, force applied to the lower end of the radius is transmitted from

A

the radius to the ulna and from there to the humerus and scapula

76
Q

its fibers run obliquely downward and medially and resist proximal displacement of the radius

A

interosseous membrane

77
Q

articulation between head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius

A

distal radioulnar joint

78
Q

distal radioulnar joint articulates

A

between the head of the ulna and ulnar notch of the radius

79
Q

encloses the joint but is deficient superiorly

A

distal radioulnar joint capsule

80
Q

distal radioulnar joint capsule is

A

deficient superiorly

81
Q

ligaments of distal radioulnar joint

A

weak anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) radioulnar ligaments

82
Q

weak anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) radioulnar ligaments strengthen the

A

capsule of the distal radioulnar joint

83
Q

disc of fibrocartilage attached to the lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the ulna and to the radius

A

radioulnar articular disc

84
Q

radioulnar articular disc is attached to

A

lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the ulna and to the radius

85
Q

separates the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist joint (separates synovial cavities of the joints) and holds the radius to the ulna

A

radioulnar articular disc

86
Q

radioulnar articular disc separates the ___ joint from the ___ joint and holds ___

A

radioulnar; wrist;

the radius to the ulna

87
Q

lines the capsule passing from the edge of one articular surface to that of the other

A

distal radioulnar joint synovial membrane

88
Q

the synovial membrane of the distal radioulnar joint lines the ___ passing from the __ to that of the other

A

capsule; edge of one articular surface

89
Q

nerve supply of the distal radioulnar joint includes:

A

anterior interosseous nerve and the deep branch of the radial nerve

90
Q

anterior interosseous nerve and the deep branch of the radial nerve supplies the

A

distal radioulnar joint

91
Q

movement of the distal radioulnar joint include:

A

pronation and supination of forearm

92
Q

the movements of pronation and supination of the distal radioulnar joint involve ___ around a __ at the ___

A

rotary movement;
vertical axis;
proximal and distal radioulnar joints

93
Q

the axis of the pronation and supination performed by the distal radioulnar joint passes through ___ above and ___ below

A

the head of the radius;

head of the ulna

94
Q

in the movement of pronation, the head of the radius rotates within the ___

A

anular ligament

95
Q

the radius moves ___ of the head of the ulna at the ___ end

A

around the circumference; distal

96
Q

the radius moves ___ of the head of the ulna at the ___ end

A

around the circumference; distal

97
Q

key landmark that separates the flexor muscles on the anterior of the forearm from the extensor muscles of the back of the forearm

A

brachioradialis

98
Q

the brachioradialis separates the ___ on the ___ of the forearm form the ___ on the ___ of the forearm

A

flexor muscles; anterior;

extensor muscles; posterior

99
Q

anterior compartment muscles are divided into:

A

3 layers (superficial, intermediate, deep)

100
Q

anterior compartment muscles perform ___

A

flexion and pronation

101
Q

anterior compartment muscles are innervated by

A

median (major) and ulnar (minor) nerves

102
Q

superficial and intermediate group of anterior muscles originate on this tendon

A

medial epicondyle of the humerus

103
Q

superficial group of anterior muscles include:

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris

Terry’s Superficial Carps have 4 LongPalms

104
Q

intermediate group of anterior muscles include:

A

flexor digitorum superficialis

Intermediate Digits are Flexed Superficially

105
Q

deep group of anterior muscles include:

A

flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus

Deeps has a LongPole, Quads, and Profound Digits

106
Q

superficial and intermediate anterior muscle(s) innervated by the median nerve

A

pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis

107
Q

superficial and intermediate anterior muscle(s) innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

flexor carpi ulnaris

108
Q

deep anterior muscle(s) innervated by the median nerve

A

flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus

109
Q

deep anterior muscle(s) innervated by the ulnar nerve

A

flexor digitorum profundus

110
Q

runs under the flexor retinaculum

A

carpal tunnel

111
Q

carpal tunnel runs under which tissue band

A

flexor retinaculum

112
Q

tendons that run through the carpal tunnel

A

flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons), flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons), flexor pollicis longus (1 tendon)

113
Q

total of 9 tendons run through the carpal tunnel with the ___ nerve

A

median

114
Q

insertion and action of pronator teres

A

mid-lateral surface of radius;

pronates forearm and hand

115
Q

insertion and action of flexor carpi radialis

A

metacarpals 2 and 3;

flexes and abducts wrist

116
Q

insertion and action of palmaris longus

A

palmar fascia;

flexes wrist

117
Q

insertion and action of flexor carpi ulnaris

A

pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal;

flexes and adducts wrist

118
Q

insertion and action of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

middle phalanges;

flexes proximal and middle phalanges of each finger

119
Q

insertion and action of flexor pollicis longus

A

bones of thumb;

flexes the thumb

120
Q

insertion and action of flexor digitorum profundus

A

base of the distal phalanges;

flexes distal phalanges of each finger

121
Q

insertion and action of pronator quadratus

A

distal anterior surface of radius;

pronates forearm and hand

122
Q

lateral compartment muscles include:

A

brachioradialis (except flexor of elbow)
extensor carpi radialis longus
anconeus

Brachio+Long radial ladder

123
Q

posterior compartment muscles are divided into:

A

2 groups (superficial and deep)

124
Q

superficial posterior muscles (lateral to medial)

A

extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris

CRaB auditorium minimizes ulnaris

125
Q

deep posterior muscles (lateral to medial)

A

abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis

Abs, Brev, Long, Indie

supinator

126
Q

open area of the radius on the outside of the arm

A

supinator

127
Q

lateral compartment muscles are innervated by the

A

radial nerve

128
Q

posterior compartment muscles are innervated by the

A

radial (posterior interosseous nerve)

129
Q

the posterior interroseous nerve is a continuation of the

A

deep radial branch

130
Q

movements of the abductor pollicis longus

A

abduction of the thumb

131
Q

movements of the extensor pollicis longus and brevis

A

extension of the thumb

132
Q

terminal branches of the brachial artery include:

A

ulnar artery and radial artery

133
Q

in the upper forearm, the ulnar artery is located under the ___ running over the ___

A

superficial and intermediate muscles of anterior compartment;
flexor digitorum profundus

134
Q

the ulnar artery runs along the

A

ulnar nerve

135
Q

located under the superficial and intermediate anterior muscles running over the flexor digitorum profundus

A

ulnar artery

136
Q

in the lower forearm, the ulnar artery is more ___ and lies between the ___ and the

A

superficial;
tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar nerve;
tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

137
Q

lies between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar nerve & tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus

A

ulnar artery

138
Q

the ulnar artery enters the ___ running over the ___ with the ___ and ends by forming the ___

A

palm of the hand;
flexor retinaculum;
ulnar nerve;
superficial palmar arch

139
Q

transverse carpal ligament

A

flexor retinaculum

140
Q

enters the palm over the transverse carpal ligament with the ulnar nerve and forms the superficial palmar arch

A

ulnar artery

141
Q

the ulnar artery runs between the ___ and ___ to the ___

A

pisiform; hook of the hamate; palmar arches

142
Q

runs between the pisiform and hook of the hamate to the palmar arches

A

ulnar artery

143
Q

branches of the ulnar artery include:

A

muscular, anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent, common interosseous artery, anterior interosseous artery, posterior interosseous artery

144
Q

run in opposite direction

A

recurrent

145
Q

ulnar branch that supplies medial anterior group of muscles

A

muscular branch of ulnar artery

146
Q

ulnar branch that participates in the anastomosis around the elbow joint

A

A and P ulnar recurrent arteries

147
Q

ulnar branch that originates from the upper part of the ulnar artery and divides into A and P

A

common interosseous artery

148
Q

ulnar branch that runs inferiorly on the anterior aspect of the interosseous membrane and above the wrist and enters posterior compartment of forearm

A

anterior interosseous artery

149
Q

ulnar branch that passes posteriorly between the ulna and radius, and above the superior border of the interosseous membrane to enter the posterior compartment of the forearm

A

posterior interosseous artery

150
Q

anastomoses of the ulnar arteries:

A

superior ulnar collateral – posterior ulnar recurrent

inferior UC – anterior UR

151
Q

begins in the cubital fossa

A

ulnar and radial arteries

152
Q

in the upper forearm, the radial artery is under the

A

brachioradialis

153
Q

in the lower 2/3s of the forearm, the radial artery runs along the

A

radial nerve

154
Q

in the lower forearm, the radial artery is ___ and lies between the ___ and the

A

superficial; tendons of the brachioradialis; tendon of the flexor carpi radialis

155
Q

radial artery branches include:

A

superficial palmar branch,

dorsal carpal branch, muscular branch, radial recurrent artery

156
Q

the superficial palmar branch runs

A

to the superficial palmar arch in the palm of the hand

157
Q

the dorsal carpal branch runs

A

behind the thumb to the dorsal carpal arch (deep palmar arch) on the back of the hand

158
Q

radial branch that is small and supplies neighboring muscles

A

muscular branches

159
Q

radial branch that participates in the anastomosis around the elbow joint

A

radial recurrent artery

160
Q

anastomoses of the radial arteries:

A

radial collateral – radial recurrent

middle collateral – radial

161
Q

muscle that is not present in 15% of the population

A

palmaris longus

162
Q

ulnar branch that passes above the superior border of the interosseous membrane

A

posterior interosseous artery

163
Q

ulnar branch that runs above the wrist

A

anterior interosseous artery

MSK - OMS I (11 decks)

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