TBL 11 Flashcards
1
Q
extends from the elbow to the wrist and contains the radius and ulna, joined by interosseous membrane
A
forearm
2
Q
strongly but flexibly connects the forearm bones permitting pronation and supination
A
interosseous membrane
3
Q
provides proximal attachment for some deep forearm muscles
A
interosseous membrane
4
Q
forearm is divided into:
A
3 fascial compartments (anterior, lateral, posterior)
5
Q
muscles that lay within the same fascial compartment have
A
similar action and innervation
6
Q
muscles that produce mainly flexion or pronation
A
anterior compartment muscles
7
Q
the anterior compartment muscles produce mainly
A
flexion or pronation
8
Q
nerve(s) that supplies the anterior compartment
A
median and ulnar
9
Q
the median and ulnar nerves supply the
A
anterior compartment (AC)
10
Q
muscles that produce mainly extension or supination
A
lateral (LC) and posterior (PC) compartment muscles
11
Q
the lateral compartment muscles produce mainly
A
extension and supination
LES
12
Q
the posterior compartment muscles produce mainly
A
extension and supination
13
Q
nerve(s) that supplies the lateral compartment
A
radial nerve
14
Q
nerve(s) that supplies the posterior compartment
A
radial nerve
15
Q
anatomically, the proximal end of the forearm is defined by the
A
joint plane of the elbow
16
Q
functionally, the forearm includes the
A
distal humerus
17
Q
to maximize their functionality in close proximity, the wrist and hand are operated by
A
extrinsic muscles
18
Q
extrinsic muscles have their bulky, contractile parts in the ___ and ___ extending distally to the palm and fingers
A
forearm; long tendons
19
Q
extrinsic muscles have their ___ in the forearm and long tendons extending ___ to the ___
A
bulky, contractile parts; distally; palm and fingers
20
Q
flexors lie
A
anteriorly
21
Q
extensors lie
A
posteriorly
22
Q
attachment site of the chief flexors and extensors of the elbow
A
medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus
23
Q
the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus are the attachment site of the chief ___ and ___ of the ___
A
flexors; extensors; elbow
24
Q
articulation of the elbow joint is between the ___ and ___ of the humerus and the ___ of the ulna and ___ of the radius
A
trochlea; capitulum;
trochlear notch;
head
25
articulation between the trochlea and capitulum of the humerus, trochlear notch of the ulna, and the head of the radius
elbow joint
26
ligaments that surround the joint
joint capsule
27
the elbow joint capsule is anteriorly attached to the humerus along the upper margins of the ___, to the front of the ___, to the margin of the ___, and to the ___ ligament
coronoid fossa and radial fossa;
medial and lateral epicondyles;
coronoid process of the ulna;
anular ligament
28
the elbow joint capsule is posteriorly attached above to the margins of the ___, and below to the upper margin and sides of the ___, and to the ___ ligament
olecranon fossa of the humerus;
olecranon process of the ulna;
anular
29
lines the capsule and covers fatty pads in the floors of the coronoid, radial, and olecranon fossae
synovial membrane of the elbow joint
30
the synovial membrane of the elbow joint is continuous below with the synovial membrane of the
proximal radioulnar joint
31
the synovial membrane of the elbow joint lines the ___ and covers ___ in the floors of the ___
capsule; fatty pads; coronoid, radial, and olecranon fossae
32
continuous below with the synovial membrane of the proximal radioulnar joint
synovial membrane of the elbow joint
33
nerve supply of the elbow joint
branches from the median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves
34
triangular and attached by its apex to the lateral epicondyle of the humerus and by its base to the upper margin of the anular ligament
lateral (radial) collateral ligament
35
the radial collateral ligament is attached by its apex to the ___ and by its base to the ___
lateral epicondyle of the humerus;
| upper margin of the anular ligament
36
ligament that runs around the head of the radius
anular
37
ligament with 3 bands (or bundles) forming a triangle
medial (ulnar) collateral ligament
38
bundle that passes from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the medial margin of the coronoid process
anterior
39
the anterior bundle passes from the ___ to the ___
medial epicondyle of the humerus;
| medial margin of the coronoid process
40
the posterior bundle passes from the ___ to the ___
medial epicondyle of the humerus;
| medial side of the olecranon
41
bundle that passes from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the medial side of the olecranon
posterior
42
passes between the ulnar attachments of the anterior and posterior bands
transverse ligament
43
movements of the elbow joint include:
only flexion and extension
44
when the arm is down at the side with the forearm extended, the long axis of the forearm lies at an angle to the long axis of the arm of 10-15 degrees out from the body laterally
carrying angle of the elbow joint
45
the carrying angle of the elbow joint is ___ degrees between ___
10-15; the long axis of the forearm and the long axis of the arm
46
what happens to the carrying angle when the elbow joint is fully flexed
disappears
47
when the carrying angle is >15 degrees
cubitus valgus
48
increases the risk of ulnar neuropathy
cubitus valgus
LmNoP
49
cubitus valgus increases the risk of
ulnar neuropathy and ulnar nerve damage
50
when the carrying angle is <10 degrees
cubitus varus
51
cubitus varus increases the risk of
a supracondylar fracture (humeral) and can cause ulnar nerve problems
52
increases the risk of a supracondylar fracture (humeral)
cubitus varus
53
what can cause ulnar nerve problems and/or damage
cubitus varus and cubitus valgus
54
articulation is between the head of the radius, the anular ligament, and the radial notch of the ulna
proximal radioulnar joint
55
the proximal radioulnar joint articulates between the
head of the radius, anular ligament, and radial notch of the ulna
56
encloses the joint and is continuous with that of the elbow joint
proximal radioulnar joint capsule
57
attached to the anterior and posterior margins of the radial notch on the ulna and forms a collar around the head of the radius
anular ligament
58
ligament of proximal radioulnar joint
anular ligament
59
ligament continuous above with the capsule of the elbow joint
anular ligament
60
is the anular ligament attached to the radius
no
61
anular ligament is attached __ and forms a collar around __
anterior and poster margins of the radial notch on the ulna;
| head of the radius
62
nerve supply of proximal radioulnar joint includes:
branches of the median, ulnar, musculocutaneous, and radial nerves
63
movements of the proximal radioulnar joint include:
pronation and supination of the forearm
64
proximal radioulnar joint: the __ of the radius fits into the ___ of the ulna
head; radial notch
65
radial head is held in place in the radial notch of the ulna by the
anular ligaments
66
anular ligaments hold the
radial head in place in the radial notch of the ulna
67
occurs when the elbow is pulled on and the anular ligament is displaced
radial head subluxation (nursemaid's elbow)
68
radial head subluxation often results from
axial traction on a pronated forearm with the elbow extended
69
in nursemaid's elbow, the sudden pulling on the distal radius causes the anular ligament to
slip over the head of the radius and slide into the radiohumeral joint where it becomes trapped
70
classic mechanism of a __ is common in RHS
"pull injury"
71
in nursemaid's elbow, pain occurs
with even mild supination of the forearm
72
unites the shafts of the radius and ulna
interosseous membrane
73
interosseous membrane fibers run obliquely ___ and ___
downward and medially;
| resist proximal displacement of the radius
74
interosseous membranes prevent you from
pushing the radius up
75
due to the presence of the interosseous membrane, force applied to the lower end of the radius is transmitted from
the radius to the ulna and from there to the humerus and scapula
76
its fibers run obliquely downward and medially and resist proximal displacement of the radius
interosseous membrane
77
articulation between head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius
distal radioulnar joint
78
distal radioulnar joint articulates
between the head of the ulna and ulnar notch of the radius
79
encloses the joint but is deficient superiorly
distal radioulnar joint capsule
80
distal radioulnar joint capsule is
deficient superiorly
81
ligaments of distal radioulnar joint
weak anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) radioulnar ligaments
82
weak anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) radioulnar ligaments strengthen the
capsule of the distal radioulnar joint
83
disc of fibrocartilage attached to the lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the ulna and to the radius
radioulnar articular disc
84
radioulnar articular disc is attached to
lateral side of the base of the styloid process of the ulna and to the radius
85
separates the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist joint (separates synovial cavities of the joints) and holds the radius to the ulna
radioulnar articular disc
86
radioulnar articular disc separates the ___ joint from the ___ joint and holds ___
radioulnar; wrist;
| the radius to the ulna
87
lines the capsule passing from the edge of one articular surface to that of the other
distal radioulnar joint synovial membrane
88
the synovial membrane of the distal radioulnar joint lines the ___ passing from the __ to that of the other
capsule; edge of one articular surface
89
nerve supply of the distal radioulnar joint includes:
anterior interosseous nerve and the deep branch of the radial nerve
90
anterior interosseous nerve and the deep branch of the radial nerve supplies the
distal radioulnar joint
91
movement of the distal radioulnar joint include:
pronation and supination of forearm
92
the movements of pronation and supination of the distal radioulnar joint involve ___ around a __ at the ___
rotary movement;
vertical axis;
proximal and distal radioulnar joints
93
the axis of the pronation and supination performed by the distal radioulnar joint passes through ___ above and ___ below
the head of the radius;
| head of the ulna
94
in the movement of pronation, the head of the radius rotates within the ___
anular ligament
95
the radius moves ___ of the head of the ulna at the ___ end
around the circumference; distal
96
the radius moves ___ of the head of the ulna at the ___ end
around the circumference; distal
97
key landmark that separates the flexor muscles on the anterior of the forearm from the extensor muscles of the back of the forearm
brachioradialis
98
the brachioradialis separates the ___ on the ___ of the forearm form the ___ on the ___ of the forearm
flexor muscles; anterior;
| extensor muscles; posterior
99
anterior compartment muscles are divided into:
3 layers (superficial, intermediate, deep)
100
anterior compartment muscles perform ___
flexion and pronation
101
anterior compartment muscles are innervated by
median (major) and ulnar (minor) nerves
102
superficial and intermediate group of anterior muscles originate on this tendon
medial epicondyle of the humerus
103
superficial group of anterior muscles include:
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor carpi ulnaris
Terry's Superficial Carps have 4 LongPalms
104
intermediate group of anterior muscles include:
flexor digitorum superficialis
Intermediate Digits are Flexed Superficially
105
deep group of anterior muscles include:
flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus
Deeps has a LongPole, Quads, and Profound Digits
106
superficial and intermediate anterior muscle(s) innervated by the median nerve
pronator teres
flexor carpi radialis
palmaris longus
flexor digitorum superficialis
107
superficial and intermediate anterior muscle(s) innervated by the ulnar nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris
108
deep anterior muscle(s) innervated by the median nerve
flexor pollicis longus
flexor digitorum profundus
pronator quadratus
109
deep anterior muscle(s) innervated by the ulnar nerve
flexor digitorum profundus
110
runs under the flexor retinaculum
carpal tunnel
111
carpal tunnel runs under which tissue band
flexor retinaculum
112
tendons that run through the carpal tunnel
flexor digitorum profundus (4 tendons), flexor digitorum superficialis (4 tendons), flexor pollicis longus (1 tendon)
113
total of 9 tendons run through the carpal tunnel with the ___ nerve
median
114
insertion and action of pronator teres
mid-lateral surface of radius;
| pronates forearm and hand
115
insertion and action of flexor carpi radialis
metacarpals 2 and 3;
| flexes and abducts wrist
116
insertion and action of palmaris longus
palmar fascia;
| flexes wrist
117
insertion and action of flexor carpi ulnaris
pisiform, hamate, 5th metacarpal;
| flexes and adducts wrist
118
insertion and action of flexor digitorum superficialis
middle phalanges;
| flexes proximal and middle phalanges of each finger
119
insertion and action of flexor pollicis longus
bones of thumb;
| flexes the thumb
120
insertion and action of flexor digitorum profundus
base of the distal phalanges;
| flexes distal phalanges of each finger
121
insertion and action of pronator quadratus
distal anterior surface of radius;
| pronates forearm and hand
122
lateral compartment muscles include:
brachioradialis (except flexor of elbow)
extensor carpi radialis longus
anconeus
Brachio+Long radial ladder
123
posterior compartment muscles are divided into:
2 groups (superficial and deep)
124
superficial posterior muscles (lateral to medial)
extensor carpi radialis brevis
extensor digitorum
extensor digiti minimi
extensor carpi ulnaris
CRaB auditorium minimizes ulnaris
125
deep posterior muscles (lateral to medial)
abductor pollicis longus
extensor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus
extensor indicis
Abs, Brev, Long, Indie
supinator
126
open area of the radius on the outside of the arm
supinator
127
lateral compartment muscles are innervated by the
radial nerve
128
posterior compartment muscles are innervated by the
radial (posterior interosseous nerve)
129
the posterior interroseous nerve is a continuation of the
deep radial branch
130
movements of the abductor pollicis longus
abduction of the thumb
131
movements of the extensor pollicis longus and brevis
extension of the thumb
132
terminal branches of the brachial artery include:
ulnar artery and radial artery
133
in the upper forearm, the ulnar artery is located under the ___ running over the ___
superficial and intermediate muscles of anterior compartment;
flexor digitorum profundus
134
the ulnar artery runs along the
ulnar nerve
135
located under the superficial and intermediate anterior muscles running over the flexor digitorum profundus
ulnar artery
136
in the lower forearm, the ulnar artery is more ___ and lies between the ___ and the
superficial;
tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar nerve;
tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
137
lies between the tendons of the flexor carpi ulnaris and ulnar nerve & tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus
ulnar artery
138
the ulnar artery enters the ___ running over the ___ with the ___ and ends by forming the ___
palm of the hand;
flexor retinaculum;
ulnar nerve;
superficial palmar arch
139
transverse carpal ligament
flexor retinaculum
140
enters the palm over the transverse carpal ligament with the ulnar nerve and forms the superficial palmar arch
ulnar artery
141
the ulnar artery runs between the ___ and ___ to the ___
pisiform; hook of the hamate; palmar arches
142
runs between the pisiform and hook of the hamate to the palmar arches
ulnar artery
143
branches of the ulnar artery include:
muscular, anterior and posterior ulnar recurrent, common interosseous artery, anterior interosseous artery, posterior interosseous artery
144
run in opposite direction
recurrent
145
ulnar branch that supplies medial anterior group of muscles
muscular branch of ulnar artery
146
ulnar branch that participates in the anastomosis around the elbow joint
A and P ulnar recurrent arteries
147
ulnar branch that originates from the upper part of the ulnar artery and divides into A and P
common interosseous artery
148
ulnar branch that runs inferiorly on the anterior aspect of the interosseous membrane and above the wrist and enters posterior compartment of forearm
anterior interosseous artery
149
ulnar branch that passes posteriorly between the ulna and radius, and above the superior border of the interosseous membrane to enter the posterior compartment of the forearm
posterior interosseous artery
150
anastomoses of the ulnar arteries:
superior ulnar collateral -- posterior ulnar recurrent
inferior UC -- anterior UR
151
begins in the cubital fossa
ulnar and radial arteries
152
in the upper forearm, the radial artery is under the
brachioradialis
153
in the lower 2/3s of the forearm, the radial artery runs along the
radial nerve
154
in the lower forearm, the radial artery is ___ and lies between the ___ and the
superficial; tendons of the brachioradialis; tendon of the flexor carpi radialis
155
radial artery branches include:
superficial palmar branch,
| dorsal carpal branch, muscular branch, radial recurrent artery
156
the superficial palmar branch runs
to the superficial palmar arch in the palm of the hand
157
the dorsal carpal branch runs
behind the thumb to the dorsal carpal arch (deep palmar arch) on the back of the hand
158
radial branch that is small and supplies neighboring muscles
muscular branches
159
radial branch that participates in the anastomosis around the elbow joint
radial recurrent artery
160
anastomoses of the radial arteries:
radial collateral -- radial recurrent
middle collateral -- radial
161
muscle that is not present in 15% of the population
palmaris longus
162
ulnar branch that passes above the superior border of the interosseous membrane
posterior interosseous artery
163
ulnar branch that runs above the wrist
anterior interosseous artery
