TBL 14 Flashcards
Lumbar and Sacral Plexus
1
Q
lumbar plexus includes:
A
iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, lateral cutaneous of thigh, obturator, femoral
“I (2x) Get Laid On Friday”
(T12-L4)
2
Q
sacral plexus includes:
A
superior gluteal, inferior gluteal, posterior cutaneous thigh, pudendal, sciatic (common fibular, tibial)
S.I.P.P.S.
(L4-S4)
3
Q
lies in the posterior abdominal wall
A
lumbar plexus
4
Q
the lumbar plexus lies in the
A
posterior abdominal wall
5
Q
the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves arise from the ___ and passes ___
A
anterior ramus of L1;
inferiolaterally and anterior to the quadratus lumborum
6
Q
the ___ nerves arise from the anterior ramus of L1 and passes inferolaterally and anterior to the quadratus lumborum
A
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal (T12-L1)
7
Q
the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves run ___, innervating the ___
A
superior and parallel to the iliac crest;
inferior portions of the transversus abdominis and internal oblique near the ASIS
8
Q
the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves pass through the ___ to supply the ___ of the ___
A
internal and external obliques;
abdominal muscles and skin;
inguinal and pubic regions
9
Q
the ___ nerves run superior and parallel to the iliac crest, innervating the inferior portions of the transversus abdominis and internal oblique near the ASIS, then pass through the internal and external obliques to supply the abdominal muscles and skin of the inguinal and pubic regions
A
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal
10
Q
inferior muscular innervations of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves include:
A
transversus abdominis,
internal oblique
11
Q
cutaneous innervations of the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves include:
A
inguinal and pubic regions
12
Q
inferiorly muscularly innervated by the transversus abdominis and internal oblique
A
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
13
Q
cutaneously innervated by the inguinal and pubic regions
A
iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves
14
Q
muscular innervation of the genitofemoral nerve
A
cremaster muscle
15
Q
cutaneous innervation of the genitofemoral nerve
A
scrotum (male) / mon pubis and labia majora (female);
anterior medial thigh (femoral triangle)
16
Q
pierces the psoas major and runs inferiorly on its anterior surface
A
genitofemoral nerve (L1 and 2)
17
Q
divides lateral to the common and external iliac arteries into the femoral and genital branches
A
genitofemoral nerve
18
Q
the genitofemoral nerve divides ___ to the ___ into the ___ branches
A
lateral; common and external iliac arteries;
femoral and genital
19
Q
the genitofemoral nerve pierces the ___ and runs ___
A
psoas major;
inferiorly on its anterior surface
20
Q
innervates the scrotum and the cremaster muscle in men and the mon pubis and labia majora in women
A
genitofemoral nerve
21
Q
the genitofemoral nerve innervates the
A
scrotum and cremaster muscle (men) and the mon pubis and labia majora (woman)
22
Q
overlaps with the ilioinguinal nerve
A
genitofemoral nerve
23
Q
the ___ branch of the ___ nerve innervates the skin of the anterior medial thigh
A
femoral; genitofemoral
24
Q
the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve innervates the
A
skin of the anterior medial thigh
25
run inferolaterally on the iliacus and enters the thigh deep to the inguinal ligament / iliopubic tract, just medial to the ASIS
lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh or lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2 and 3)
26
lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh or lateral femoral cutaneous nerve run ___ and enters the ___
inferolaterally on the iliacus;
| thigh deep to the inguinal ligament / iliopubic trast, just medial to the ASIS
27
supplies skin on the anterolateral surface of the thigh
lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh or lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2 and 3)
28
lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh or lateral femoral cutaneous nerve supplies ___
skin on the anterolateral surface of the thigh
29
muscular innervation of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve includes:
none!
30
nerve that doesn't have muscular innervation
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
31
cutaneous innervation of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
anterolateral skin of the thigh
32
cutaneously innervated by the anterolateral skin of the thigh
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
33
susceptible to compression under the inguinal ligament
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
34
the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve is susceptible to
compression under the inguinal ligament
35
causes burning along the lateral thigh
meralgia paresthetica (gunslinger neuralgia)
36
why is it called gunslinger neuralgia
caused by a low riding belt
37
meralgia paresthetica causes
burning along the lateral thigh
38
muscular innervation of the obturator includes:
direct branch,
anterior branch,
posterior branch
39
direct branch of the muscular innervation of the obturator includes:
obturator externus
40
action of obturator externus
lateral rotation and adduction of hip
41
anterior branch of the muscular innervation of the obturator includes:
adductor longus,
adductor brevis,
gracilis,
pectineus
42
action of adductor longus and brevis
adduction and flexion of hip
43
action of gracilis
adduction and flexion of hip,
| flexion of the knee
44
action of pectineus
adduction and thigh flexion (slight)
45
posterior branch of the muscular innervation of the obturator includes:
adductor magnus
46
action of adductor magnus
adduction, extension, and flexion (slight)
47
cutaneous innervation of the obturator
small patch on the medial thigh
48
cutaneously innervated by a small patch on the medial thigh
obturator
49
muscular innervation of the femoral nerve includes:
```
iliopsoas,
sartorius,
pectineus,
quadriceps femoris
- rectus femoris
- vastus medialis
- vastus lateralis
-vastus intermedius
```
50
action of the iliopsoas
flexion of the hip
51
action of the sartorius
flexion of the hip and knee
52
action of the pectineus
flexion of the hip
53
action of the quadriceps femoris
knee extension
54
which quadriceps femoris does hip flexion along with knee extension
rectus femoris
55
cutaneous innervation of the femoral nerve
```
anterior cutaneous branches (anteromedial skin of thigh),
saphenous nerve (medial skin of leg)
```
56
cutaneously innervated by the anterior cutaneous branches and saphenous nerve
femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
57
enters the thigh through the obturator foramen
obturator nerve (L2, L3, L4)
58
divides into anterior and posterior branches
obturator nerve
59
obturator nerve enters the ___ through the ___ and divides into ___ branches
thigh; obturator foramen;
| anterior and posterior
60
iliohypogastric nerve originates from ___ vertebrae
L1
61
ilioinguinal nerve originates from ___ vertebrae
L1
62
genitofemoral nerve originates from ___ vertebrae
L1, L2
63
lateral femoral cutaneous nerve originates from ___ vertebrae
L2, L3
64
obturator nerve originates from ___ vertebrae
L2, L3, L4
65
femoral nerve originates from ___ vertebrae
L2, L3, L4
66
descends between the adductor longus and adductor brevis muscles
anterior branch of the obturator
67
anterior branch of the obturator descends between the
adductor longus and brevis muscles
68
descends between the adductor brevis and adductor magnus muscles
posterior branch of the obturator
69
posterior branch of the obturator descends between the
adductor brevis and adductor magnus muscles
70
innervates the medial compartment of the thigh
obturator
71
obturator nerve innervates the ___ and its main action is ___ and it also helps with ___
medial compartment of the thigh;
adduction of the thigh (hip joint);
flexing the thigh
72
adduction of the thigh (hip joint), and flexion of thigh
obturator
73
direct branch of obturator includes:
obturator externus
74
action of obturator externus includes:
lateral rotation and adduction
75
anterior branch of obturator includes:
adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus
76
posterior branch of the obturator includes:
adductor magnus
77
arises from within the substance of the psoas major
femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
78
emerges between the iliacus and psoas major muscles
femoral nerve
79
enters the thigh by passing deep to the inguinal ligament and lateral to the femoral sheath
femoral nerve
80
femoral nerve arises from within the ___, emerges between the ___, and enters the ___ by passing ___
substance of the psoas major;
iliacus and psoas major muscles;
thigh; deep to the inguinal ligament and lateral to the femoral sheath
81
gives rise to muscular branches, articular branches to the hip and knee joints, and cutaneous branches
femoral nerve
82
femoral nerve gives rise to ___ branches
muscular, articular to the hip and knee joints, cutaneous
83
innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh
femoral nerve
84
main action is hip flexion and knee extension
femoral nerve
85
the femoral nerve innervates the ___ and its main action is ___
anterior compartment of the thigh;
| hip flexion and knee extension
86
muscular branches of the femoral nerve include:
```
(anterior compartment of thigh)
iliopsoas,
sartorius,
pectineus,
quadriceps femoris
```
87
anterior cutaneous branches of the femoral nerve include:
saphenous nerve
88
medial cutaneous branch of the leg
saphenous nerve
89
branches from T4 and T5 travel inferiorly over the pelvic brim to join S1 and the sacral plexus, forming the
lumbosacral trunk
90
the lumbosacral trunk is formed by the
branches of T4 and T5 traveling inferiorly over the pelvic brim to join S1 and the sacral plexus
91
sacral plexus nerves include:
```
superior gluteal,
inferior gluteal,
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh,
pudendal
sciatic (fibular, tibial)
```
92
additional nerves in the sacral region include:
superior and middle clunial nerves
93
arise from the posterior rami of the spinal nerves
superior and middle clunial nerves
94
superior clunial nerves originate from the ___ vertebrae
L1-L3
95
middle clunial nerves originate from the ___ vertebrae
S1-S3
96
innervate the skin of the superior and medial portions of the buttock
superior and middle clunial nerves
97
the superior and middle clunial nerves innervate the
superior and medial portions of the buttock
98
lateral thigh rotators include:
nerve to the piriformis,
nerve to the obturator internus,
nerve to the quadratus femoris
99
superior gluteal nerve originates from the ___ vertebrae
L4, L5, S1
100
inferior gluteal nerve originates from the ___ vertebrae
L5, S1, S2
101
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh originates from the ___ vertebrae
S1, S2, S3
102
pudendal nerve originates from the ___ vertebrae
S2, S3, S4
103
sciatic nerve originates from the ___ vertebrae
L4 - S3
104
enters the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis
superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
105
the superior gluteal nerve enters the ___ through the ___ and passes between the ___ and innervates the ___
buttock;
greater sciatic foramen above the piriformis;
gluteus medius and minimus muscles;
gluteus medius and minimus, the tensor fasciae latae, and the hip joint
106
passes between the gluteus medius and minimus muscles
superior gluteal nerve
107
innervates the gluteus medius and minimus, the tensor fasciae latae, and the hip joint
superior gluteal nerve
108
keeps pelvis level when contralateral limb is elevated
superior gluteal nerve
109
superior gluteal nerve keeps ___ level when ___ is ___
pelvis;
contralateral limb;
elevated
110
when the patient stands on one leg, the pelvis drops on the unaffected side
gluteus medius on opposite side is damaged
111
when the gluteus medius on the opposite side is damaged
pelvis drops on the unaffected side when the patient stands on one leg
112
positive trendelenburg test
when a patient is asked to walk, a gluteal limp or waddling appearance as a compensatory movement of the body to the affected side is present
113
enters the buttock through the greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis
inferior gluteal, posterior cutaneous, pudendal, sciatic
114
innervates the overlying gluteus maximus
inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
115
main action is powerful extension of the hip and external rotation
inferior gluteal nerve
116
the inferior gluteal nerve enters the ___ through the ___ and innervates the ___ and its main action includes the ___
buttock;
greater sciatic foramen below the piriformis;
overlying gluteus maximus;
powerful hip extension and external rotation
117
the posterior cutaneous nerve to the thigh enters the ___ through the ___, runs deep to the ___ and emerges from the ___, descends on the ___ and innervates the ___
```
buttock;
greater sciatic foramen;
gluteus maximus;
inferior border of the gluteus maximus;
posterior thigh;
skin of the inferior buttock (inferior clunial nerves), thigh, and calf, as well as a small portion of the scrotum or labium majus (perineal branches)
```
118
runs deep to the gluteus maximus and emerges from its inferior border
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1, S2, S3)
119
descends on the posterior thigh
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1, S2, S3)
120
innervates the skin of the inferior buttock, thigh, and calf, as well as a small portion of the scrotum or labium majus
posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1, S2, S3)
121
inferior clunial nerves innervates
skin of the interior buttock
122
perineal branches innervate the
scrotum or labium majus
123
passes the back of the ischial spine
pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)
124
is medial to the internal pudendal artery
pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)
125
enters the perineum with the internal pudendal artery via the lesser sciatic foramen
pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)
126
innervates the skin of the perineum and anus, as well as the muscles of the external anal and urethral sphincters
pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)
127
the pudendal nerve passes the ___ and is ___, enters the ___ with the ___ via the___, and innervates the ___
back of the ischial spine;
medial to the internal pudendal artery;
perineum; internal pudendal artery; lesser sciatic foramen;
skin of the perineum and anus, as well as the muscles of the external anal and urethral sphincters
128
divides at the superior border of the popliteal fossa into the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve
sciatic nerve
129
descends over the obturator internus gemelli and quadratus femoris muscles between the ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter
sciatic nerve
130
common peroneal nerve
common fibular nerve
131
the sciatic nerve divides at the ___ into the ___ and descends over the ___ between the___
superior border of the popliteal fossa;
tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve;
obturator internus gemelli and quadratus femoris muscles;
ischial tuberosity and the greater trochanter
132
smaller terminal portion of the sciatic nerve at the apex of the popliteal fossa
common peroneal (fibular) nerve (L4-S2)
133
the common peroneal (fibular) nerve originates from the ___ vertebrae
L4 - S2
134
the tibial nerve originates from the ___ vertebrae
L4 - S3
135
descends through the popliteal fossa, and superficially crosses the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle
common peroneal (fibular) nerve
136
passes behind the head of the fibula
common peroneal (fibular) nerve
137
gives rise to the lateral sural cutaneous nerve and the recurrent articular branch to the knee joint
common peroneal (fibular) nerve
138
supplies the skin on the lateral part of the back of the leg
lateral sural cutaneous nerve
139
the common peroneal (fibular) nerve is a ___ portion of the sciatic nerve at the ___ that descends through the ___ and ___ crosses the ___ and passes ___ while giving rise to the ___
smaller terminal;
apex of the popliteal fossa;
popliteal fossa;
superficially; lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle;
behind the head of fibula;
lateral sural cutaneous nerve and the recurrent articular branch to the knee joint
140
the lateral sural cutaneous nerve supplies the
skin on the lateral part of the back of the leg
141
direct branches from the sciatic nerve innervate the
short head of the biceps femoris
142
innervate the short head of the biceps femoris
direct branches of the sciatic nerve
143
is vulnerable to injury as it winds around the neck of the fibula
common peroneal (fibular) nerve
144
the common peroneal (fibular) nerve is
is vulnerable to injury
145
the common peroneal (fibular) nerve divides into
deep fibular and superficial fibular nerves
146
the common peroneal (fibular) nerve laterally winds around the ___ and pierces the ___
neck of the fibula;
| fibularis (peroneus) longus
147
pierces the fibularis (peoneus) longus
common peroneal (fibular) nerve
148
arises in the peroneus longus muscle on the lateral side of the neck of the fibula
superficial fibular nerve
149
the superficial fibular nerve arises in the ___ on the ___ making it ___
peroneus longus muscle;
lateral side of the neck of the fibula;
less vulnerable to injury
150
innervates the lateral compartment of the leg
superficial fibular nerve
151
the superficial fibular nerve innervates the ___ with the ___ muscles, and its main action is ___
lateral compartment of the leg;
fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis;
foot eversion and plantar flexion
152
foot eversion and plantar flexion is performed by:
the superficial fibular nerve
153
the superficial fibular nerve emerges between the ___ and becomes ___ in the ___ and innervates the ___
peroneus longus and brevis muscles at the lower third of the leg;
subcutaneous; lateral compartment;
skin on the lateral side of the lower leg and the dorsum of the foot
154
innervates the skin on the lateral side of the lower leg and the dorsum of the foot
superficial fibular nerve
155
arises in the substance of the fibularis (peroneus) longus on the lateral side of the neck of the fibula
deep fibular nerve
156
enters the anterior compartment
deep fibular nerve
157
descends on the interosseous membrane between the extensor digitorum longus and the extensor hallucis longus muscles
deep fibular nerve
158
innervates the anterior compartment of the leg
deep fibular nerve
159
main action is dorsiflexion of the foot and extension of the toes
deep fibular nerve
160
the anterior compartment of the leg includes:
tibialis anterior,
extensors digitorum longus,
extensors hallucis longus,
fibularis tertius
161
the lateral branch of the deep fibular nerve reaches the
dorsum of the foot
162
the dorsum of the foot includes:
extensor digitorum brevis,
| extensor hallucis brevis
163
the medial branch of the deep fibular nerve supplies the
skin on the adjacent sides of the first and second toes
164
the deep fibular nerve arises in the ___ on the ___ of the ___ making it ___
substance of the fibularis (peroneus);
lateral side; neck of the fibula;
vulnerable to injury
165
the deep fibular nerve enters the ___, descends on the ___ between the ___ and innervates the ___, and its main action is ___
anterior compartment;
interosseous membrane;
extensor digitorum longus and the extensor hallucis longus muscles;
anterior compartment of the leg;
dorsiflexion of the foot, and extension of the toes
166
reaches the dorsum of the foot and extends the toes
lateral branch of the deep fibular nerve
167
supplies the skin on the adjacent sides of the first and second toes
medial branch of the deep fibular nerve
168
common peroneal (fibular) nerve injury occurs specifically with the
deep fibular and anterior compartment
169
common peroneal (fibular) nerve injury is characterized by
injury at the neck of the fibula;
flaccid paralysis of muscles in the anterior (dorsiflexors) and lateral (evertors) leg compartments;
no dorsiflexion -- foot drop;
limb becomes too long for toes to clear the ground during walking;
waddling gait;
swing-out gait;
stepping gait
170
body movement shifts to the unaffected side while walking
waddling gait
171
leg is abducted while walking
swing-out gait
172
increased thigh and knee flexion while walking
stepping gait
173
waddling gait
body movement shifts to the unaffected side while walking
174
swing-out gait
leg is abducted while walking
175
stepping gait
increased thigh and knee flexion while walking
176
common peroneal (fibular) nerve injury occurs at the ___ leading to ___ of muscles in ___
neck of the fibula;
flaccid paralysis;
the anterior and lateral compartments
177
no dorsiflexion and the toes don't clear the ground during the swing phase of walking
foot drop
178
foot drop
no dorsiflexion; toes do not clear the ground during the swing phase of walking
179
dorsiflexors reside in the
anterior compartment
180
evertors reside in the
lateral compartment
181
descends through the popliteal fossa lying on the popliteus muscle
tibial nerve
182
gives rise to 3 articular branches to the knee joint
tibial nerve
183
gives rise to direct muscular branches of the sciatic nerve to the posterior compartment of the thigh
tibial nerve
184
posterior compartment of the thigh also called
the hamstring
185
the hamstring is the
posterior compartment of the thigh
186
main action of the posterior compartment of the thigh includes:
flex leg (knee) and extend hip in walking
187
flexes leg (knee) and extends hip in walking
direct muscular branch of the sciatic nerve
188
the hamstring innervated by the direct muscular branch of the sciatic nerve contains:
long head of the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, and medial part of the adductor magnus
189
the tibial nerve descends through the ___ lying on the ___ and gives rise to ___
popliteal fossa;
popliteal muscle;
three articular branches to the knee joint
190
the tibial nerve branches enter the
posterior compartment of the leg
191
action of the posterior compartment of the leg
plantar flexion of the foot, flexion of the knee
192
plantar flexion of the foot and flexion of the knee are performed by
the tibial nerve branches
193
foot drop occurs when the ___ do not clear the ground during the ___
toes; swing phase of walking
194
the posterior compartment of the leg includes:
```
flexor digitorum longus,
flexor hallucis longus,
triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus),
plantaris,
popliteus,
tibialis posterior
```
195
gives rise to the medial sural cutaneous nerve, the medial calcaneal branch to the skin of the heel and sole, and the articular branches to the ankle joint
tibial nerve
196
terminates beneath the flexor retinaculum by dividing into the medial and lateral plantar nerves
tibial nerve
197
innervate all the plantar muscles in the foot accomplishing adduction, abduction, and flexion of the toes
medial and lateral plantar nerves
198
the tibial nerve terminates beneath the ___ by dividing into the ___ which innervate ___ accomplishing ___
flexor retinaculum;
medial and lateral plantar nerves;
all the plantar muscles in the foot;
adduction, abduction, and flexion of the toes
199
inverts the foot
tibialis posterior
200
compression of the sciatic nerve can occur due to compression via the piriformis muscle
piriformis syndrome
201
piriformis syndrome occurs when the
piriformis muscle compresses the sciatic nerve
202
damage via ___ to the medial aspect of the buttock puts the ___ at risk
stab wound / intragluteal injections;
| sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal, posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh
203
a stab wound or intragluteal injections at the ___ can put the sciatic nerve, inferior gluteal, and posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh at risk
medial aspect of the buttock
204
damage to the sciatic nerve can lead to ___ and hence ___
paralysis of hamstrings;
| impairment of thigh extension and knee flexion
205
paralysis of hamstrings causes
impairment of thigh extension and knee flexion
206
paralysis of hamstrings can be caused by
damage to the sciatic nerve
207
femoral nerve injury can be caused by ___ and impair ___ leading to ___
trauma at femoral triangle / pelvic fracture;
weak flexion of thigh, loss of extension of leg, sensory loss on anterior thigh and medial leg;
loss of knee-jerk reflex / anesthesia on anterior thigh
208
obturator nerve injury can be caused by ___ and impair ___ leading to ___
anterior hip dislocation / radical retropubic prostatectomy;
loss of adduction of thigh, sensory loss on medial thigh;
((blank))
209
superior gluteal nerve injury can be caused by ___ and impair ___ leading to ___
surgery / posterior hip dislocation / poliomyelitis;
loss of function of gluteus medius and minimus, loss of ability to pull pelvis down, loss of abduction of thigh;
gluteus medius limp (waddling gait), positive trendelenburg sign
210
inferior gluteal nerve injury can be caused by ___ and impair ___ leading to ___
surgery / posterior hip dislocation;
loss of function of gluteus maximus, loss of ability to rise from a seated position, climb stairs, or jump;
lean the body trunk backward at heel strike
211
common fibular nerve injury can be caused by ___ and impair ___ leading to ___
blow to lateral aspect of leg / fracture of neck of fibula;
loss of foot eversion, loss of dorsiflexion, loss of toe extension, sensory loss on anterolateral leg and dorsum of foot;
foot plantar flexed (foot drop) and inverted, can't stand on heels (foot slap)
212
tibial nerve injury at the popliteal fossa can be caused by ___ and impair ___ leading to ___
trauma at popliteal fossa;
weak foot inversion, loss of plantar flexion, loss of toe flexion, sensory loss on sole of foot;
foot dorsiflexed and everted, can't stand on toes
