TB Flashcards
what is multi-drug resistant TB
TB resistant to 2 of the most powerful drugs
where does it affect
mainly the lungs/ lymph nodes but also brain, bones, skin
who is at higher risk
Non vaccinated, HIV sufferers
What are the biological features
rod shaped, waxy coating (decreased uptake of nutrients/ antibiotics), Need O2, live inside macrophages.
significance of the cord factor
toxic to cells, inhibits neutrophil migration
what do antigen 85 complexes do
bind to host ECM = tubercle fixation and formation
how do they enter cells
mannose receptor on macrophage, causing inhibition of cytokines IfG
how do they remain in cells
stop the O2 radicals from progressing phagocytosis, blocking activity and causing tubercle formation
Types of TB
Primary: (lungs) often latent
Post-primary: pulmonary TB
Miliary TB: ruptured tubercles, into blood stream and to other tissues
difference between TB infection and disease:
Disease is active, infection is assymptomatic - not considered a case
Symptoms of TB disease
fever, night sweats, dry wheeze
areas affected in Miliary TB
renal, bones/ joints, meninges
Sample tests:
biopsy, bronchoscopy lavage, sputum test
Clinical tests
skin test - assess size after 3 days
Xray
microscopy
culture
Treatment for sensitive TB
4 drugs, 2 months
2 drugs, 4 months
