Malaria

Question 1

malaria mosquito

Answer 1

Anopheles mosquito

Question 2

inject as:
Go to:
mature as (cacoon):
releasing _____ which invade RBCs

Answer 2

sporozoites
Liver
schizonts
merozoites

Question 3

cold stage

Answer 3

headache, shiver, rapid weak pulse

Question 4

Hot stage

Answer 4

Intense headache, nausea, vomiting,

thirst, distress

Question 5

Sweating stage

Answer 5

Profuse sweating, fever drops rapidly,

sleep

Question 6

What are the 5 species of malaria:

How often do their fevers occur

Answer 6

P. falciparum 48h (longer lasting)
P vivax 48h
P ovale 48h
P malariae 72h
P. knowlesi24h
This occurs due to the maturation times of schizonts

Question 7

main species in malaysia, why does it cause relapse:

Answer 7

p. vivax

hypnozoites lay dormant in liver and are hard to eliminate (also in ovale)

Question 8

3 main drugs in treatment

how do they work

Answer 8

Quinolines: prevents haem detox, can’t feed, die. (hypoglycemia)

Antifolaytes: dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors

Artemisinins: Produces hydroperoxide free radicals

+ Antibiotics: inhibits protein synthesis

Question 9

Specific treatment of P. vivax and ovale

Answer 9

blood stage: chloroquine/ artmisinins

relapse prevention: primaquine therapy 15mg for 14days

Question 10

P. malariae and knowlesi treatment

Answer 10

Chloroquine

Question 11

Prophylaxis drugs

Answer 11

Doxycycline: 100mg daily, 2d before, 4w after

Atovaquone/ Proguanil: 1 daily, 2d before, 7d after

Mefloquine: 250mg weekly, 2w before, 4w after