Food and Water borne Flashcards

Question

Shigella spp- lifespan

Answer 1

long term, in tap water 6 months, sea water 2-5 month

Answer 2

Frequent passage of scanty amount of stools, mostly mixed with blood and mucus • Moderate to high grade fever • Severe abdominal cramps • Tenesmus– pain around anus during defecation

Answer 3

``` Clinical Microbiological investigations • specimen: stool/blood • test: Microscopic/macroscopic • identification of bacteria: biochemical test ```

Answer 4

Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC), Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC)

Answer 5

hemorrhagic colitis: diarrhoea, abdominal pain, vomiting. lasts for 4 - 8 days, may extend to 13 days. Complications: bloody diarrhoea, acute ulcerative or ischemic colitis and sub-mucosal edema with severe colonic inflammation

Answer 6

heat sensitive but rsistant to freezing - cook your food

Answer 7

E coli 0157 leading to acute renal failure, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia

Answer 8

cyst on hands usually elderly chronic in nature more mucus, less blood in stools; stools are very offensive and bulky

Answer 9

Stool Examination: Saline – motile trophozoites with ingested RBCs Iodine – body stains yellow, nucleus with a central karyosome, brown glycogen mass

Answer 10

Acute onset of vomiting and / or diarrhoea and / or other symptoms associated with ingestion of contaminated food. neurological symptoms: motor weakness and cranial nerve palsies.

Answer 11

Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Listeria | monocytogenes, Clostridium spp

Answer 12

non spore forming, gram negative grows at a range temperature between 12-44C (optimum 37C) pH range 4.0-9.83 (optimum 7.4-7.6)

Answer 13

1-6 hours | nausea, headache, vomiting, diarrhoea

Answer 14

Spore forming gram positive rods consumption of enterotoxins slow cooled rice, improper reheat Fever, diarrhoea, vomiting

Answer 15

Good hygiene Proper cooking of foods to destroy spores Keep food at low temperature Fast cooling of food

Answer 16

Gram positive bacterium pathogenic to animals and human Able to survive for many years in the cold in naturally infected sources Faecal carriage 1-5% of healthy people Trans-placental spread from mother to neonate

Answer 17

Abortion in pregnant women Meningitis in newborn infants and immunocompromised adults. Risk: Pregnant women, infants and elderly people. Deaths have been reported in fetuses, neonates and other individuals with compromised health status.

Answer 18

spore-forming, anaerobic, gram positive bacillus enterotoxin Bacteria is found in the soil, dust, water, sewage marine sediments, decaying cooling causes toxin growth, food cooked one day served the next

Answer 19

Enterotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum is an obligate, spore-forming anaerobe, and Gram positive bacilli Neurotoxins, that are highly toxic, heat labile (inactivated by heating at 80oc for 10 min) Unstable at alkaline pH, resistant to pepsin and acidic environment. Resist the action of the gastric and intestinal juices. Fucking lethal incubation period: 12-72 H Neuro symptoms 1-10 days duration

Answer 20

from metabolites, mycotoxins, mproper drying before storage

Answer 21

* Dehydration * Electrolyte imbalances * Tetany * Convulsions * Hypoglycemia * Renal failure

Answer 22

acid resistant, attacks certain lining cells in GIT to replicate, High virus content in fecal matter

Answer 23

30 day incubation | long lasting

Answer 24

green shit, gradual onset, kids 1-2, fever

Answer 25

``` Stool microscopy &Stool cultures Blood cultures ELISA for rotavirus Immunoassays, bioassays or DNA probe tests to identify E. coli strains Detection of toxins ```

Answer 26

``` Symptomatic treatment • Rehydration • Antipyretic • Anti-emetic • Antibiotic for severe cases ```

Answer 27

Vaccine is available for • Typhoid • Cholera • Hepatitis A