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Training Bulletins > TB 090 - Fire Burns > Flashcards

TB 090 - Fire Burns Flashcards

1
Q

One of the greatest risks Firefighters encounter during Firefighting operations is

A

Thermal burns

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2
Q

Thermal burns can occur in the following ways

  1. Contact with _____ heat sources
A

Conducted

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3
Q

Thermal burns can occur in the following ways

2.exposure to _____ heat sources

A

Convective

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4
Q

Thermal burns can occur in the following ways

  1. Exposure to _____ heat sources or direct flame impingement
A

Radiant

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5
Q

Tests indicate that exposure to temperatures of only ___-___ F will cause extreme pain and severe, full thickness burns to all unprotected skin.

A

280-320F

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6
Q

Second Degree Burns can occur with exposure to only

A

111 DEGREES

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7
Q

Second Degree Burns can occur within __seconds of exposure to 131 degrees.

A

20sec

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8
Q

Second Degree Burns can occur within ___ second of exposure to 158 degrees.

A

One second

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9
Q

___ ___ develop faster and are more severe than dry heat burns at the same temperature, due to latent heat transfer.

A

Steam burns

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10
Q

is the most severe type of exposure.

A

Direct flame impingement

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11
Q

A Firefighter caught in a flashover, just five feet inside a room, will be exposed to temperatures of _____ to ____F, and direct flame impingement for at least __ seconds

A

1000-1500

2 sec

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12
Q

The six observable or measurable factors in a Class “A” fire are:

  1. ____ heat
  2. ____
  3. ______
  4. Proportioning of the ______ mixture
  5. _____ of the fuel/air mixture
  6. Uninhibited _____ _____ between active fuel/air molecules
A
  1. Input heat
  2. fuel
  3. Oxyge
  4. Fuel/air
  5. Mixing
  6. Chain reaction
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13
Q

Due to the wide variety of possible fire conditions, some or all of the following products of combustion will be present:

  • Toxic and/or flammable vapors or gases
  • Carbon based particulate matter
  • Non-toxic and/or non-flammable vapors or gases
  • ____ ____
  • Heat
A

Free radicals

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14
Q

is a form of energy in transit or change.

A

Heat

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15
Q

is the condition of a body that determines whether it will transfer heat to or receive heat from another body.

A

Temperature

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16
Q

Heat always moves from warmer bodies to

A

Cooler bodies

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17
Q

______ is a basic unit of heat.

A

British thermal unit (btu)

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18
Q

A BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of ___ ____ of water one degree fahrenheit.

A

One pound

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19
Q

is the thermal capacity of a substance. It is the number of BTU’s required to raise the temperature of one pound of a substance one degree Fahrenheit

A

Specific heat

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20
Q

is the quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when passing between phases

A

Latent heat

21
Q

Water has a Latent Heat of fusion of ____BTU’s and Latent Heat of vaporization of ___ BTU’s.

A

143

970

22
Q

is when heat energy is transmitted similar to light waves.

A

Radiation

23
Q

is the transmission, spread, or distribution of heat through the motion of a heated fluid.

A

Convection

24
Q

Phenomena such as “____ _____” and “______” are explained by understanding convection (Figure 3).

A

Thermal layering

Mushrooming

25
Q

is the transfer of heat through matter without any visible motion of that matter. This is the only method of heat transfer through solid objects.

A

Conduction

26
Q

There are three stages in the development of an interior fire

A

Growth stage
Fully developed staged
Decay stage

27
Q

Growth stage

The rate of combustion, fire intensity, and the total combustion product output are governed by six major f actors :

A. The amount of ______ ______ surface.
B. The _______ of the combustible surfaces.
C. The type of ____ ____.
D. The ______ of the combustible surfaces.
E. The ratio of combustible _____ to ____ or ____ _____.
F. The amount of available air flow or ventilation.

A

Exposed combustible

Arrangement

Fuel source

Nature

Surface to room or area volume

28
Q

can be identified as the curve occurring near the end of the growth stage.

A

Flashover

29
Q

can be identified by the upward direction of the fire curve on the time temperature curve.

A

Growth stage

30
Q

identified by the downward direction of the fire curve or temperature decrease.

A

Decay stage

31
Q

Increasing use of synthetic furnishings that when ignited burn ___to ____ times hotter and faster than ordinary combustibles

A

Two to three

32
Q

is a sudden sporadic generation of flame mixed with smoke at the upper ceiling level just before flashover occurs.

A

Rollover

33
Q

IS A WARNING OF A MORE DEADLY EVENT TO FOLLOW!

A

Roll over

34
Q

takes place after rollover, at the end of the growth stage of a fire, with full room or area involvement immediately following.

A

Flash over

35
Q

It usually occurs after flashover and is defined as rapid flame spread over one or more surfaces during a fire.

A

Flame over

36
Q

Warning signs of flashover may not be apparent in buildings with large unenclosed floor or attic spaces and ceilings __ to __ feet above the floor or joist level.

A

12-20

37
Q

Conditions for a _____ _____ develop before Firefighters enter or while they fight fire in the early stages as super heated smoke particles build up and are forced into enclosed, hidden areas.

A

Smoke explosion

38
Q

When operating inside, watch for the following warning signs of a smoke explosion:

_____ or ______ flame due to a reduced oxygen level.

Smoke being ____ ____ you into the fire area of the structure.

____ ____swirling with great force.

Flickering flames in the smoke above you as heavier combustion products suspended in the superheated atmosphere try to ignite.

A

Sickly or intermittent

Drawn past you

Heavy smoke

39
Q

It needs a building tight enough and strong enough to contain fire and hold back sufficient oxygen until the burning process moves into the decay stage.

A

Backdraft

40
Q

Backdraft

Oxygen content must fall to between __% and __%.

A

11% and 15%

41
Q

Backdraft

Explosive products of combustion are ____F to ____F and higher, well above their ignition temperature.

A

1000 to 1800 F

42
Q

Differences Between Flashover and Backdraft

The primary difference between the two occurrences is

A

Amount of air present

43
Q

Flashover signals the beginning of the ______ danger of a fire.

A

Collapse

44
Q

There are four construction features that present the greatest danger to Firefighters from collapse:

  1. Any type of ____ construction
  2. ______ ______ construction
  3. Any _______ construction
  4. Unprotected ____ construction
A

Truss construction

Unreinforced masonry

Cantilever construction

Steel

45
Q

Entry and exit considerations - ____ are best and should be the first choice

A

Doors

46
Q

_____ should be your last choice, they can be extremely dangerous as openings which are smaller and no work platform can be provided except the ladder.

A

Windows

47
Q

Make entry from the

A

Uninvolved to the involved

48
Q

In general, provide a minimum of ___ ladders to every structure and one additional ladder for every ___ ____ team on the roof.

A

Two ladders

Two member team

Training Bulletins (47 decks)

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