TB 090 - Fire Burns

Question 1

One of the greatest risks Firefighters encounter during Firefighting operations is

Answer 1

Thermal burns

Question 2

Thermal burns can occur in the following ways

1. Contact with _____ heat sources

Answer 2

Conducted

Question 3

Thermal burns can occur in the following ways

2.exposure to _____ heat sources

Answer 3

Convective

Question 4

Thermal burns can occur in the following ways

3. Exposure to _____ heat sources or direct flame impingement

Answer 4

Radiant

Question 5

Tests indicate that exposure to temperatures of only ___-___ F will cause extreme pain and severe, full thickness burns to all unprotected skin.

Answer 5

280-320F

Question 6

Second Degree Burns can occur with exposure to only

Answer 6

111 DEGREES

Question 7

Second Degree Burns can occur within __seconds of exposure to 131 degrees.

Answer 7

20sec

Question 8

Second Degree Burns can occur within ___ second of exposure to 158 degrees.

Answer 8

One second

Question 9

___ ___ develop faster and are more severe than dry heat burns at the same temperature, due to latent heat transfer.

Answer 9

Steam burns

Question 10

is the most severe type of exposure.

Answer 10

Direct flame impingement

Question 11

A Firefighter caught in a flashover, just five feet inside a room, will be exposed to temperatures of _____ to ____F, and direct flame impingement for at least __ seconds

Answer 11

1000-1500

2 sec

Question 12

The six observable or measurable factors in a Class “A” fire are:

1. ____ heat
2. ____
3. ______
4. Proportioning of the ______ mixture
5. _____ of the fuel/air mixture
6. Uninhibited _____ _____ between active fuel/air molecules

Answer 12

1. Input heat
2. fuel
3. Oxyge
4. Fuel/air
5. Mixing
6. Chain reaction

Question 13

Due to the wide variety of possible fire conditions, some or all of the following products of combustion will be present:

• Toxic and/or flammable vapors or gases
• Carbon based particulate matter
• Non-toxic and/or non-flammable vapors or gases
• ____ ____
• Heat

Answer 13

Free radicals

Question 14

is a form of energy in transit or change.

Answer 14

Heat

Question 15

is the condition of a body that determines whether it will transfer heat to or receive heat from another body.

Answer 15

Temperature

Question 16

Heat always moves from warmer bodies to

Answer 16

Cooler bodies

Question 17

______ is a basic unit of heat.

Answer 17

British thermal unit (btu)

Question 18

A BTU is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of ___ ____ of water one degree fahrenheit.

Answer 18

One pound

Question 19

is the thermal capacity of a substance. It is the number of BTU’s required to raise the temperature of one pound of a substance one degree Fahrenheit

Answer 19

Specific heat

Question 20

is the quantity of heat absorbed by a substance when passing between phases

Answer 20

Latent heat

Question 21

Water has a Latent Heat of fusion of ____BTU’s and Latent Heat of vaporization of ___ BTU’s.

Answer 21

143

970

Question 22

is when heat energy is transmitted similar to light waves.

Answer 22

Radiation

Question 23

is the transmission, spread, or distribution of heat through the motion of a heated fluid.

Answer 23

Convection

Question 24

Phenomena such as “____ _____” and “______” are explained by understanding convection (Figure 3).

Answer 24

Thermal layering

Mushrooming

Question 25

is the transfer of heat through matter without any visible motion of that matter. This is the only method of heat transfer through solid objects.

Answer 25

Conduction

Question 26

There are three stages in the development of an interior fire

Answer 26

Growth stage Fully developed staged Decay stage

Question 27

Growth stage The rate of combustion, fire intensity, and the total combustion product output are governed by six major f actors : A. The amount of ______ ______ surface. B. The _______ of the combustible surfaces. C. The type of ____ ____. D. The ______ of the combustible surfaces. E. The ratio of combustible _____ to ____ or ____ _____. F. The amount of available air flow or ventilation.

Answer 27

Exposed combustible Arrangement Fuel source Nature Surface to room or area volume

Question 28

can be identified as the curve occurring near the end of the growth stage.

Answer 28

Flashover

Question 29

can be identified by the upward direction of the fire curve on the time temperature curve.

Answer 29

Growth stage

Question 30

identified by the downward direction of the fire curve or temperature decrease.

Answer 30

Decay stage

Question 31

Increasing use of synthetic furnishings that when ignited burn ___to ____ times hotter and faster than ordinary combustibles

Answer 31

Two to three

Question 32

is a sudden sporadic generation of flame mixed with smoke at the upper ceiling level just before flashover occurs.

Answer 32

Rollover

Question 33

IS A WARNING OF A MORE DEADLY EVENT TO FOLLOW!

Answer 33

Roll over

Question 34

takes place after rollover, at the end of the growth stage of a fire, with full room or area involvement immediately following.

Answer 34

Flash over

Question 35

It usually occurs after flashover and is defined as rapid flame spread over one or more surfaces during a fire.

Answer 35

Flame over

Question 36

Warning signs of flashover may not be apparent in buildings with large unenclosed floor or attic spaces and ceilings __ to __ feet above the floor or joist level.

Answer 36

12-20

Question 37

Conditions for a _____ _____ develop before Firefighters enter or while they fight fire in the early stages as super heated smoke particles build up and are forced into enclosed, hidden areas.

Answer 37

Smoke explosion

Question 38

When operating inside, watch for the following warning signs of a smoke explosion: _____ or ______ flame due to a reduced oxygen level. Smoke being ____ ____ you into the fire area of the structure. ____ ____swirling with great force. Flickering flames in the smoke above you as heavier combustion products suspended in the superheated atmosphere try to ignite.

Answer 38

Sickly or intermittent Drawn past you Heavy smoke

Question 39

It needs a building tight enough and strong enough to contain fire and hold back sufficient oxygen until the burning process moves into the decay stage.

Answer 39

Backdraft

Question 40

Backdraft Oxygen content must fall to between __% and __%.

Answer 40

11% and 15%

Question 41

Backdraft Explosive products of combustion are ____F to ____F and higher, well above their ignition temperature.

Answer 41

1000 to 1800 F

Question 42

Differences Between Flashover and Backdraft The primary difference between the two occurrences is

Answer 42

Amount of air present

Question 43

Flashover signals the beginning of the ______ danger of a fire.

Answer 43

Collapse

Question 44

There are four construction features that present the greatest danger to Firefighters from collapse: 1. Any type of ____ construction 2. ______ ______ construction 3. Any _______ construction 4. Unprotected ____ construction

Answer 44

Truss construction Unreinforced masonry Cantilever construction Steel

Question 45

Entry and exit considerations - ____ are best and should be the first choice

Answer 45

Doors

Question 46

_____ should be your last choice, they can be extremely dangerous as openings which are smaller and no work platform can be provided except the ladder.

Answer 46

Windows

Question 47

Make entry from the

Answer 47

Uninvolved to the involved

Question 48

In general, provide a minimum of ___ ladders to every structure and one additional ladder for every ___ ____ team on the roof.

Answer 48

Two ladders | Two member team