Taxonomy Eukaryotes- part 2 Flashcards
Alveolates
presence of alveoli ( sacs of air underneath)
3 types of Alveolates
ciliates, dinoflagellates and apicomplexans
ciliates
process cilia at some stage in life
ex genera: paramecium
how many nuclei do ciliates have
2- macro and micro
how do paramecia mate
exchange micronucleus
dinoflagellates are _____ organisms
freshwater phototrophic (symbiotic relationship with coral)
how may flagella do dinoflagellates have?
2 - transverse and longitudinal
in warm and polluted waters dinoflaggelates secrete??
neurotoxins
dense populations of dinoflagellates lead to
red tides
apicomplexans are _______
obligate parasites of animals can cause malaria
what are apicoplasts
degenerated chloroplasts that lack pigments and phototrophic capacity but still carry anabolic pathways
Stramenopiles have flagella with _______.
may short hairlike extensions
stramenopiles are _____ and _____ members
chemoheterotrophic and phototrophic
examples of stramenopiles
oomycetes, diatoms, golden algae and brown algae
Oomycetes are ______/
chemoheterotrophs ( chemical energy from organic sources)
also called water molds, cell walls are made of cellulose
Golden algae are_____
phototrophs , unicellular
chloroplast pigment is dominated by the carotenoid fucoxanthin
Oomycetes have what kind of hyphae?
coenocytic ( which means cytoplasm and nuclei are not subdivided into cells)
what is coenocytic
not seperated
what is septate
nuclei are separated by cross wall
are diatoms unicellular or multi?
unicellular
diatoms are _____.
phototrophic
diatoms live in _____
freshwater and marine habitats
what are frustules
cell walls made of silica with proteins and polysaccharide attached
how are cercozoans and Radiolarians distinguished from other protists?
threadlike pseudopodia ( flash feet)
Cercozoan: Foraminifera
marine org, form structures called tests (made from organic material and Calcium carbonate )
tests are made from
ORGGANIX MATERICAL AND CALCIUM CARBONATE
Radiolarians tests made from
silica
Amoebozoa (A-meb-a-zoa)
protists that use pseudopodia for movement and feeding ( phagocytosis)
major groups of amoebozoa
entamoeba, slime molds and gymnamoebas
Entamoeba
parasites of vertebrates
Gymnamoebas
free living in soil and aquatic enviromonets
protoplasm
same as cytoplasm
plasmodium
part of life cycle in slime molds when mass of protoplasm of indefinite shape and size with many nuclei that aren’t divided into separate cells
for the plasmodium a _______ can form
sporangium ( containing multiple haploid spores
the spores germinate yeilding _______.
swarmer cells ( flagellated or amoeboid)
fusion of 2 swarmer cells regenerates_____
diploid plasmodium
describe the plasmodial slime mold life cycle
start off as amoeboid cells which are haploid. find another haploid to mate with to form 2n zygote which grows into plasmodium. this is what feeds and can move. mature plasmodium fruits into sporangium and then releases haploid spores
cellular slime molds contain
haploid amoebae
aggregation of sepereate amoeboid forms a __________ in cellular slime mold
pseudiplasmodium
under some conditions cellular slime molds can form diploid macro cysts which undergo meiosis and form new amoebae - example of _____
sexual reproduction
fungi falls under ?
Opisthokonta
slime molds, cellular slime molds fall under
Amoebozoa
stramenopiles and alveolar fall under
Chromalveolata
fungi is
mutilcelluar
Ectomycorrhizae
fungi form a sheath around plant root but do not penetrate it
Endomycorrhizae
the fungi hyphae is embedded in the root (endo=in)
Mycoses
funga disease
how do fungi reproduce?
asexually
three ways fungi reproduce asexually
1) growth and spread of hyphen filaments
2) asexual spores
3) budding yeast
fungi can also reproduce sexual spore? T/F?
true
is yeast an example of fungi?
true- it is unicellular fungi
