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Botany Lecture Unit 2 > Taxonomy and Roots > Flashcards

Taxonomy and Roots Flashcards

1
Q

Taxonomy

What kingdom are plants in

A

Kingdom Plantae

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2
Q

Taxonomy

What phylum are monocots and dicots in?

A

Phylum Magnoliophyta

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3
Q

Taxonomy

What class are monocots?

A

Class Liliopsida

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4
Q

Taxonomy

What class are dicots ?

A

Class Magnoliopsida

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5
Q

Roots

Roots are an __ system

A

Organ system

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6
Q

Roots

Functions (4)

A

Absorb water and minerals

Support and anchors

Propogation

Food storage

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7
Q

Roots

Can group up to ___ feet down

A

175 feet

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8
Q

Roots

Can grow up to ___ feet across

A

50 feet

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9
Q

Roots: Development

Radicle =

A

Embryo’s root

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10
Q

Roots: Development

Taproot system =

___ growing

A

Single large root

Deep growing

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11
Q

Roots: Development

Fibrous root system =

A

Network of small roots

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12
Q

Roots: Development

Other roots - Adventitious roots =

A

Grow from stem in an abnormal area

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13
Q

Roots: Structure

4 regions

A
  1. Root cap
  2. Meristematic region
  3. Region of elongation
  4. Region of maturation
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14
Q

Roots: Structure

Root cap purpose?

A

Penetrating soil and acts as a wedge.

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15
Q

Roots: Structure

Root cap cells are ___ against the soil as the root extends. Cells are ___.

A

Mashed

Lubricant

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16
Q

Roots: Structure

Root cap amyloplasts contain starch and detect ___

A

“down”

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17
Q

Roots: Structure

Root cap amyloplast gravitropism definition?

Gravitropism type?

A

Respond to gravity

Positive - towards gravity

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18
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region location?

A

Right behind the root cap

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19
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region purpose

A

Create root cap and other cells

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20
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region is an ___ meristem

A

Apical

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21
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region 3 areas

A

Protoderm

Ground meristem

Procambium

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22
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region

Protoderm creates

A

Epidermis

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23
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region

Ground meristem creates

A

Parenchyma that is the “body” of the root

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24
Q

Roots: Structure

Meristematic region

Procambium creates

A

Xylem and phloem

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25
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Elongation

Purpose? (2)

A

Cells get longer

Push root cap and meristematic regions

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26
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Elongation

How do cells get longer?

A

Vacuoles fill up

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27
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Elongation

Location?

A

Approximately 1cm behind the root cap

28
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation is also known as?

A

Root hair region

29
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

Root hairs are an extension of the ____

30
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

Root hair purpose?

A

Increase the surface area

31
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

Thin cuticle disadvantages (2)

A

Does not do waterproofing

Does not protect well against pathogens

32
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

Cortex purpose

A

Food storage

33
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

What separate the cortex from the vascular cylinder?

A

Casparian strip

34
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

Endodermis secretions? What is the structure called?

A

Lignin and suberin

Casparian strip

35
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

Passage cells purpose?

A

Filter for water moving from cortex to vascular cylinder

36
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

Vascular cylinder- What is the first layer under endodermis?

37
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

Pericycle may create

A

Lateral roots

38
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

Pericycle may become

A

Vascular cambium

39
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

What does xylem in dicots and conifers cross section look like? Phloem?

A

Xylem - the X

Phloem is in the “angle” of the x

40
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

What does xylem in monocots cross section look like? Phloem?

A

Xylem - loose circles

Phloem- is just outside of xylem

41
Q

Roots: Structure

Region of Maturation

Natural grafting may occur

Natural grafting =

A

Roots from two plants roots come into contact with each other and grow together

42
Q

Specialized Roots

Food storage roots purpose

A

Store starches for energy

43
Q

Specialized Roots

Water storage roots location?

A

Areas of seasonal drought

44
Q

Specialized Roots

Propogative roots purpose?

A

adventitious roots - “suckers”

45
Q

Specialized Roots

Pneumatophores purpose

A

Gas exchange

“Snorkels” for underground roots

46
Q

Specialized Roots

Aerial roots

Prop root purpose?

47
Q

Specialized Roots

Aerial roots

Adventitious roots purpose

A

For climbing

48
Q

Specialized Roots

Aerial roots

How does Banyan tree use them? (2)

A

Propogation

Support

49
Q

Specialized Roots

Contractile roots purpose

A

As roots lose water stem gets shorter

50
Q

Specialized Roots

Buttress roots purpose

A

Support large trees in shallow soil

51
Q

Specialized Roots

Parasitic roots purpose

A

Dig into vascular tissues of another plant

52
Q

Specialized Roots

Parasitic roots

Haustoria purpose?

A

Specilized structures that penetrate host plant

53
Q

Specialized Roots

Parasitic roots

Hemiparasite characteristics? (2 + example)

A

Takes water from xylem and soil nutrients

Does its own photosynthesis

Mistletoe

54
Q

Specialized Roots

Parasitic roots

Holoparasite characteristics? (2+example)

A

Takes water, minerals, and photosynthetic products

Doesn’t do photosynthesis

Witches hair

55
Q

Mycorrhizae

a ___ relationship

A

Mutualistic

56
Q

Mycorrhizae

Symbiosis =

A

An extended, intimate relationship between individuals of different species

57
Q

Mycorrhizae

Mutualism =

A

A symbiosis wherein both individuals benefit

58
Q

Mycorrhizae

Benefit to plants?

A

Increase in effective root surface area

59
Q

Mycorrhizae

Benefit for fungus?

A

Photosynthetic products

60
Q

Mycorrhizae

What are the 2 types?

A

Endotrophic

Ectotrophic

61
Q

Mycorrhizae

Endotrophic =

A

Fungi enters plant cells

62
Q

Mycorrhizae

Ectotrophic

A

Fungi go between cells

63
Q

Root Nodules

Purpose?

A

Areas for bacterial colonies

64
Q

Root Nodules

Mutualism with ___ ___

A

Soil bacteria

65
Q

Root Nodules

Benefit for plants?

A

Access to nitrogen

66
Q

Root Nodules

Benefit for bacteria? (3)

A

A place to live, protection, photosynthetic products

Botany Lecture Unit 2 (13 decks)

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