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Botany Lecture Unit 2 > Leaves > Flashcards

Leaves Flashcards

1
Q

Leaves

Petiole =

A

“Stem” part of the leaf

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2
Q

Leaves

Blade =

A

Surface area part of the leaf

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3
Q

Leaves

Sessile leaf =

A

Lacks petiole

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4
Q

Leaves

Simple leaf =

A

“normal” leaf

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5
Q

Leaves

Compound leaf =

A

Divided into leaflets

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6
Q

Compund Leaves

Pinnately compound leaf =

Rachis =

A

Featherish

Extension of the petiole

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7
Q

Compund Leaves

Bipinnately compound leaf =

A

Leaflets have leaflets

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8
Q

Compund Leaves

Palmately compound leaf =

A

Mutiple main veins in each leaflet

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9
Q

Veins

Pinnately veined =

A

One main vein

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10
Q

Veins

Palmately veined =

A

Multiple main veins from a single origin point

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11
Q

Veins

Dichotomously veined =

A

No main veins, each vein divides multiple times

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12
Q

Leaves

Deciduous leaves =

A

Are all shed once a year

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13
Q

Leaves

Evergreen leaves =

A

Shed constantly

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14
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Cuticle is made from ___

A

Cutin

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15
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Cuticle purpose?

A

Waterproofing

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16
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Are there chloroplasts in pavement cells?

A

No

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17
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Do guard cells have chloroplasts?

A

Yes

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18
Q

Leaf Anatomy

2 things guard cells control?

A

Gas exchange

Water flow

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19
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Holes through which gases escape and enter?

A

Stoma

Stomata (plural)

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20
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Epidermis =

A

Outside layer of cells

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21
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Mesophyll =

A

Area between the upper and lower epidermis

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22
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Which mesophyll does most photosynthesis?

Approximately 80% of total chlorenchyma

A

Palisade mesophyll

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23
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Mesophyll with less photosynthesis and has air spaces

A

Spongy mesophyll

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24
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Moncot mesophyll is not ___

A

Layered

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25
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Monocot bulliform cells purpose

A

Deflate when water stressed to reduce water loss

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26
Q

Leaf Anatomy

Veins (3)

A

Xylem + phloem + bundle sheath cells

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27
Q

Leaf Types

Shade leaves characteristics (3)

A

Broader

Thinner

Pale

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28
Q

Leaf Types

Shade leaves amount of hairs?

A

Few hairs

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29
Q

Leaf Types

Phenotypic plasticity =

A

Different expression of genotype in different environment

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30
Q

Leaf Types

Arrid Region Leaves characteristics (3)

A

Drier environments

Thicker, leathery, stomata are hidden

Maybe store water

May be absent

31
Q

Leaf Types

Aquatic plant leaves characteristics (3)

A

Lack layers

Usually air spaces

Less xylem and phloem

32
Q

Leaf Types

Tendrils =

Contact ___ growth

A

Climbing leaves

Contact suppresses growth

33
Q

Leaf Types

Spines __ surface area

A

Decrease

34
Q

Leaf Types

Spines tissues? (2)

A

Increase sclerenchyma

Decrease other tissues

35
Q

Leaf Types

Spines ___ defense

A

Spines increase defense

36
Q

Leaf Types

Thorns =

A

Modified stems

37
Q

Leaf Types

Prickles =

A

Modified epidermis

38
Q

Leaf Types

Spines grow from the __ of leaves

A

Axil

39
Q

Leaf Types

Storage leaves

A

Mostly for water storage

40
Q

Leaf Types

Storage leaves, what plants?

A

Succulents

41
Q

Leaf Types

Storage leaves

Outside is …

A

Parenchyma without chloroplasts

42
Q

Leaf Types

Storage leaves inside…

A

Chlorenchyma is protected inside

43
Q

Leaf Types

Storage leaves will also store ___, aside from water

A

Carbohydrates

44
Q

Leaves

Flowerpot leaf example

A

Discidia

45
Q

Leaves

Epiphyte =

A

A plant that lives on top of another plant

46
Q

Leaves

Discidia mutualism for ants (2)

A

Habitats fot the ants in the leaves

Ants bring soil

47
Q

Leaves

Relationship type for Discidia and host plant?

A

Commensalism

One is benefited and the other is unaffected

48
Q

Leaves

Window leaves adapted for ?

A

Dry and windy area

49
Q

Leaves

Window Leaves

What does the “window” do?

A

Window allows for light to pass into the interior of the leaf where chlorenchyma is found

50
Q

Leaves

Reproductive leaves =

A

Edges create leaflets and advantitious roots

51
Q

Leaves

Floral leaves are also known as?

A

Bracts

52
Q

Leaves

Flower leaves

Act to attract ___

A

Pollinators

53
Q

Leaves

Insect trapping leaves

Aproximately how many species

A

200

54
Q

Leaves

Where do insect trapping leaves live?

A

In nitrogen poor soils - swamps

55
Q

Leaves

What are the 4 mechanisms to trap insects?

A

Pitcher plants

Sundews

Venus fly traps

Bladderworts

56
Q

Leaves

Pitcher Plants characteristics (3)

A

Cone shaped leaf

Down-facing hairs

Scents attract instincts

57
Q

Leaves

Pitcher plant mechanism

A

Insect falls into liquid of enzymes + bacteria

58
Q

Leaves

Sundews characteristics (1)

A

Leaves with hairs at tip

59
Q

Leaves

Sundews mechanism

A

Sticky digestive fluid

60
Q

Leaves

Venus fly trap characteristics (2)

A

Hinged midrib

Sensory hairs inside

61
Q

Leaves

Venus fly trap mechanism (2)

A

2 hairs are triggerd and leaf closes

Enzymes digest insect

62
Q

Leaves

Bladderwort characteristics

A

Aquatic plant

63
Q

Leaves

Bladderwort mechanism

A

Air-filled bladders suck insects in

1/100th of second

Trigger hairs

64
Q

Leaves

Autumnal color change =

A

All color is usally present

Remove chlorophyll as prominent wavelengths shift with season

65
Q

Leaves

Abcission =

A

Leaf dropping

66
Q

Leaves

Abcission zone is created by

A

Older leaves

67
Q

Leaves

2 crevice sides

A

Stem side

Leaf side

68
Q

Leaves: Abcission

Crevice

Stem side =

A

where protective suberin is secreted

69
Q

Leaves: Abcission

Crevice

Leaf side =

A

Enzymes diges middle lamellae

70
Q

Leaves: Abcission

___ / ___ finish the break

A

Wind / Rain

71
Q

Leaves: Abcission

Why? (In general)

A

In winter, leaves use more energy than they provide

72
Q

Leaves: Abcission

Why? (water usage)

A

Leaves use a lot of water so they are dropped to prevent water loss

73
Q

Leaves: Abcission

Why? (limb breakage)

A

Limit limb breakage do to heavy snow sticking to leaves

Botany Lecture Unit 2 (13 decks)

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