Taxonomy 7 Angiosperms and gymnosperms

Question 1

what kind of plants are gymnosperms

Answer 1

vascular plants and seed plants

Question 2

What is the most diverse gymnosperm group and how many species do they have

Answer 2

conifers, they have 550 species

Question 3

What are conifers
what can they never be

Answer 3

trees or shrubs, can never be epiphytes or other growth forms

Question 4

conifer leaves

Answer 4

simple needles or scales, most perrenial.

Question 5

are conifers evergreen?

Answer 5

most of them

Question 6

wood of conifers

Answer 6

consists mostly of tracheids, plus some parenchyma cells in rays and resin ducts
* Sieve cells in the phloem
-no sieve tubes

Question 7

why are conifers able to maintain water transport over many years?

Answer 7

narrow traicheids mean that when sap freezes, the bubbles left afterward will most likely collapse, allowing water to keep flowing

Question 8

Conifer needle stomata features

Answer 8

-thick cuticle and sunken stomata,
-Stomata are often occluded by wax tubules

–> lowers transpiration, drought resistance

Question 9

conifers vs environment

Answer 9

conifers are stress tolerators

Question 10

what do conifers provide for humans

Answer 10

majority of lumber

Question 11

what are conifers susceptible to?

Answer 11

bark beetles when stressed

Question 12

Pine family
how many species

Answer 12

largest family of conifers
200 species

Question 13

pine family where

Answer 13

Primarily in northern hemisphere
* Dominant vegetation of the boreal forest
* Thrive in mountain forests

Question 14

junipers, redwoods, are part of the

Answer 14

cypress family
as well as the bald cypress–> wet

Question 15

wollemia

Answer 15

Araucaria family

Wollemia was only known through fossils, which date back 200 MY
* Small population of trees was found in 1994 in Australia
* Not a real ’pine’

Question 16

broad leaves with unique venation
only has one existing genus

Answer 16

Ginkgophytes

Question 17

Ginkgo biloba characteristics

Answer 17

-ginkophyte
-urban parks and along streets
-wood is like that on conifers
-male and female trees
-genus been around for 150 years
-deciduous

Question 18

Unique among the gymnosperms: vessels

Answer 18

Gnetophytes

Question 19

Gnetophytes

Answer 19

Welwitschia
ephedra
cam photosynthesis?

Question 20

Welwitschi

Answer 20

with only 2 leaves * Grows in African deserts, (Namibia) * Some plants are 1,000 years old
* CAM photosynthesis
is a gnetophyte

Question 21

Angiosperms

Answer 21

-First appeared ~130 million years ago
-Monophyletic
-Only plant group with flowers
-Seeds enclosed in the ovary, not naked as in gymnosperms
-Ovary develops into fruit
Gametophyte generation extremely reduced
-Many mutually beneficial interactions with animals that result in the plants being pollinated or having their seeds distributed

Question 22

how many species do angiosperms have?

Answer 22

250000 species

Question 23

Angiosperm double fertilization process

Answer 23

one sperm nucleus fuses w the egg; the second sperm nucleus unites w the 2 polar nuclei to form the triploid(3n) endosperm.
- The endosperm nourishes
the embryo

Question 24

angiosperms vascular elements

Answer 24

sieve elements and companion cells, vessels

Question 25

Rose family

Answer 25

*Flowers attract bees; mostly insect pollination
*Many species w. edible fruits (apples, pears, plums, cherries, peaches, raspberries, strawberries, mountain ash)

Question 26

Lily family

Answer 26

*Part of the monocots, herbaceous
*Large flowers w. parts arranged in threes; insect pollinated *Leaves with parallel veins
*Most species grow from bulbs
*Many beautiful ornamental plants: tulips, lilies