Genetics 4

Question 1

Genetics

Answer 1

study of how traits are inherited from one generation to the next

Question 2

who first described the DNA structure
after whos work?

Answer 2

Watson & Crick in 1953, ~100 years after Mendel’s
work

Question 3

where are genes located

Answer 3

chromosomes

Question 4

what are chromosomes

Answer 4

segment of DNA that directs the synthesis of a protein

Question 5

the nucleotide bases

Answer 5

guanine, adenine, thymene, cystosine

Question 6

Sum of all DNA

Answer 6

genome

Question 7

The genome also has lots of non___________

Answer 7

coding DNA

Question 8

Not every gene is expressed in every

Answer 8

cell

Question 9

Set of rules that translate nucleotide squence into amino acid sequence

Answer 9

genetic code

Question 10

what is the genetic code based off of?

Answer 10

codons

Question 11

codons are

Answer 11

3 nucleotides

Question 12

what is each codon specific for?

Answer 12

one amino acid

Question 13

how many amino acids to plants make vs us

Answer 13

plants make 20 we make 10

Question 14

Genetic code is

Answer 14

universal

Question 15

difference with amino acids in RNA vs DNA

Answer 15

T is replaced with U in RNA

Question 16

how many genes does every humans genome have

Answer 16

> 20,000

Question 17

what percent of human genes are nonecoding

Answer 17

> 98%

Question 18

how many genes does cottonwood genome have

Answer 18

40000

Question 19

what do plastids also have

Answer 19

DNA

Question 20

many plants are

Answer 20

Polyploid
meaning they have more than 2 complete sets of chromosomems

Question 21

Gregor mendel

Answer 21

-created field of genetics
-Rejected ideas of blending inheritance and genetic material being a fluid that mixes
-Crossed tall and short pea plants

Question 22

results of mendels experiment with peas

Answer 22

-All offspring in F1 generation were tall.
-F2 generation (offspring of F1 plants): Ratio of three tall
individuals to one short individual

Question 23

interpretation of Mendels experiment

Answer 23

Monohybrid cross
recessive and dominant alleles

Question 24

allele

Answer 24

one of two or more versions of a DNA sequence at a genomic location

Question 25

two alleles are the same

Answer 25

the individual is homozygous for that allele. tt, TT

Question 26

An individual inherits

Answer 26

2 alleles

Question 27

two alleles are different

Answer 27

Tt heterozygous draw the thing square thinng 1/4 will be recessive the rest will be heterozygos or homozygous dominant

Question 28

diagram used to predict gynotypes of cross

Answer 28

punnet square

Question 29

o traits (determined by two genes) are passed to offspring independently of each other

Answer 29

law of independent assortment

Question 30

dominance may be

Answer 30

incomeplete

Question 31

many traits are determined by

Answer 31

more than one gene ie.fruit size, yield, disease resistance, drought

Question 32

gene expression can be modified by

Answer 32

the environment

Question 33

ny traits that are important in agriculture and forestry are so-called

Answer 33

quantitative traits

Question 34

quantitative traits

Answer 34

Show continuous rather than discrete variation * Are determined by several genes * Are influenced by environment

Question 35

Darwin

Answer 35

1858, theory of evolution

Question 36

Mendel

Answer 36

1866 publishes his work (overlooked until 1900)

Question 37

Watson & Crick

Answer 37

1953 provide DNA model

Question 38

Nirenberg

Answer 38

1961 cracks genetic code

Question 39

2003

Answer 39

Human genome sequenced

Question 40

Breeders look at traits like ; these are all __________ traits.

Answer 40

yield, disease resistance, and stress tolerance (drought, frost) quantitative

Question 41

what are the 2 ways to potentially modify plants

Answer 41

-Traditional breeding (works well with crops) -Transgenic plants -genome editing(sci fi)

Question 42

Plant Breeding

Answer 42

accelerated evolution guided by humans rather than nature, guiding the representation of good plants in subsequent generations

Question 43

corn breeding what happened

Answer 43

Decrease in branching and increase in seed size were selected for in corn breeding

Question 44

why is having genetically uniform plants risky

Answer 44

new traits may become important in the future. Disease tolerance

Question 45

green revolution

Answer 45

By crossing desirable parents, Norman Borlaug created smaller and disease-resistant plants.

Question 46

what are a solution to preserving genetic diversity?

Answer 46

Gene banks, frozen dried seeds

Question 47

produced by inserting genes from virtually any organism into plants why?

Answer 47

Transgenic plants primarily for resistance of insects and herbicides

Question 48

the inserted genes are called

Answer 48

transgenes