Angiosperms and seed structuer and germination

Question 1

cerial daily world calorie intake

Answer 1

> 50%

Question 2

What are the big 3

Answer 2

Wheat
Corn
Rice

Question 3

Why are the big 3 significant

Answer 3

because theyre the major food crops of the world

Question 4

Groups with important seeds

Answer 4

cereal
legumes
mustard family

Question 5

embryo consists of

Answer 5

cotyledons
epicotle
Hypocotyl
Radicle
Plumule

Question 6

Monocot where is food stored in seed

Answer 6

endosperm

Question 7

monocot What absobs food from endosperm

Answer 7

cotyledon

Question 8

what is the plumule enclosed and protected by

Answer 8

Coleoptile

Question 9

another word for cotyledon

Answer 9

scutellum

Question 10

seed coat

Answer 10

pericarp

Question 11

Cotyledon emerges from the soil when seed germinates

Answer 11

epigeal germination

Question 12

Cotyledon remains in soil during seed germination

Answer 12

hypogeal germination

Question 13

Epigeal bean germination process

Answer 13

1. Root emerges
2. hypocotyl elongates to form a hook
3. hook straightens and pulls cotyledons and first true leaves above ground

Question 14

Hypogeal in corn process

Answer 14

1. radicle emerges from cotyledon
2. coleoptile pushed up and plumule emerges
3. primary root replaced by fibrous root

Question 15

seeds that survive drying or freezing.

Answer 15

orthdox seeds

Question 16

seeds that are not able to tolerate low temp and moisture.

Answer 16

unorthodox seeds

Question 17

are orthodox or unorthodox seeds better for being stored for prolonged periods

Answer 17

orthodox

Question 18

Germination

Answer 18

beginning or resumption of growth of seed

Question 19

3 main requirements for Germination

Answer 19

Temperature, oxygen, water

light, however less plants need light to germinate

Question 20

Water germination

Answer 20

Most seeds go through a dessicated state before germination
unorthodox seeds cannot survive desiccation

Question 21

Oxygen germination

Answer 21

Oxygen is used in aerobic respiration; it is present in well aerated soil in pore spaces

Question 22

why does waterlogged soil usually lead to ungerminated seeds?

Answer 22

Hypoxic conditions

Question 23

temperature germination

Answer 23

Seeds can germinate over a wide range of
temps

Question 24

Ranges of temperature tolerance min optimum max

Answer 24

Minimum : 0-5°C
Maximum : around 45°C
Optimum : 20-30°C

Question 25

Light germination

Answer 25

A few plant seeds require exposure to light to stimulate germination
most plants do not require light to germinate

Question 26

What type of plants commonly need light to stimulate germination

Answer 26

species with very small seeds
because they store few nutrients

Question 27

what pigment linked with light and germination

Answer 27

phytochromeW

Question 28

Variable stimulated by sunlight and the colour

Answer 28

red, P(subscript)fr

Question 29

Variable stimulated by darkness and the colour

Answer 29

dark red, P(subscript)r

Question 30

phases of Germination

Answer 30

Phase 1: imbibition; weight increases exponentially
Phase 2: lag phase, shit lags
Phase 3: Radical emergence, growth again

Question 31

period of growth inactivity when environmental require for germination are met and its purpose

Answer 31

Dormancy
Delaying mechanism, assures that seeds will germinate at the proper time.

Question 32

record for seed dormancy

Answer 32

30000 yrs

Question 33

how do most seeds break dormancy

Answer 33

scarification or stratification

Question 34

scarification

Answer 34

Breaking of seed coat by mechanical action

Question 35

stratification

Answer 35

Cold temperatures; seed needs to be chilled and kept moist