Task 9 - Substance use disorder Flashcards
Substance use
- Natural or synthesized product
- psychoactive effects
- > changes perceptions, thoughts, emotions and behaviors
Substance intoxication
- changes as a result of physiological effects of substance on CNS
- diagnosis of intoxication is only given when changes are maladaptive
Substance withdrawal
- stop or greatly reduce of use
- > symptoms are opposite of intoxication
Substance abuse
- recurrent use of substance resulted in harmful consequences in 4 categories:
1) failing to fulfill important obligations
2) physically risk
3) repeatedly legal problems
4) continues to use substance despite problems
Substance dependence
- people addicted/dependent show tolerance
- when stopping -> withdrawal
DSM 5 substance use disorder
Impaired control
1) taken increasingly larger amounts over longer period than originally intended
2) craving substance
3) user feels ongoing desire to cut down or control
4)
CNS depressants /
- alcohol
- barbiturates and benzodiazepines
- inhalants
- relax, sleepy, reduce concentration, impair thinking and other skills
Alcohol
- low doses: self confidence, relaxation, slightly euphoria
- higher doses: depression, fatigue, decreased motivation, sleep disturbance and confusion
alcohol - 3 stages of withdrawal
1) few hours after drinking: tremors, weakness, profuse respiration
2) after 12 hours, includes convulsive seizures
3) delirium tremens, hallucinations, delusions, little sleep, disorientation
alcohol gender differences
men: drink more, more socially acceptable
gender differences drug use disorder
men: drink more, more socially acceptable, don’t care as much about withdrawal
- Women more likely to experience greater cognitive & motor impairment and to suffer harm & sexual assault after alcohol use.
- women less likely to have personality traits associated with substance use disorder
- women less likely to expect positive outcome
Barbiturats and benzodiazepines
- legally manufactured and sold by prescription
- sedatives for treatment of anxiety and insomnia
- used as muscle relaxant and antiseizure medicines
- > decrease in blood pressure, respiratory rate and heart rate
- > overdose: cause death from respiratory failure or cardiovascular collapse
-> negative effects: impaired cognition, reduces sexual functioning etc
Inhalants
- volatile substances that produces chemical vapors
- > inhaled
CNS stimulants
- causing feeling of energy, happiness and power
- decreased desire for sleep
- cocaine
- amphetamines
- nicotine
- caffein
cocaine
- blocks reuptake of dopamine
- severe substance use disorder
- negative effects: chest pain, blurred vision, fever, muscle spasms, convulsions and coma
amphetamines
- inhances release of norepinephrine and dopamine
- > blocks reuptake
-usually treated for attention problems and narcolepsy
Nicotine
- increasing blood pressure and heart rate
- withdrawal: more hungry
caffeine
- increases alertness and motor activity
- upregulating dopamine, norepinephrine and seretonin levels
- increases in metabolism, body temperature and blood pressure
opioids
- morphine
- heroin
- codeine
- methadone
others: designer drugs
-ectasy etc
biological factors
- reward pathway
- dopamine
psychological factors
- social learning -> modeling
- cognitive theories -> people who expect alcohol to reduce their distress, have no more adaptive means of coping
- personality: behavioral under-control -> increased risk
sociocultural factors
- substance attractive to people under chronic stress
- > living in poverty, women in abusive relationships
biological treatments
- antagonist drugs: block/change effects of addictive drug, reducing desire for it
- acamprosate: affects glutamate and GABA receptors and can help maintain abstinence from alcohol
-antabuse: can make people feel dizzy, nauseous, blush and event faint, with just one drink