Targeting Process I Flashcards
Definition of Army targeting
The process of selecting targets and matching the appropriate response to them, considering operational requirements and capabilities
Targeting is the process of fusing Intel and ops
Right target, best system, right time and space and purpose
How to overcome the challenge? (2)
Conduct thorough IPB
Strict adherence to various processes like TVA, COG analysis, CARVER
PIRs must be tied to a decision point
Fusion S2/S3
Update collection plan
Positive effects of targeting management on offensive operations (4)
Applies constant pressure on the adversary operational cycle
Targets entire insurgent movement vs individuals
Seize unforeseen opportunities
Neutralizes when necessary
Positive effects of targeting management on precision targeting (2)
Develops an adaptation offensive strategy that is effects based and applies operational patience for higher gains
Minimize collateral disruption among the populace and creates IO opportunities
Effects of targeting management
Identifies intelligence gaps
Prioritizes and synergies operational effort
Long term implicatio: allows forces to identify, target, and destroy cells and networks
Target Guidelines (principles)
Focused on achieving the commander s objectives
Effects based. Creates specific desired effects through lethal and non-lethal actions.
Interdisciplinary. Targeting is a command function that requires the participation of many disciplines.
Targeting seeks to achieve effects through lethal and non lethal actions in systematic manner
Targeting directs lethal and non lethal actions to create desired effects
Focused on achieving the CDR s objectives
Fully developed TVA
Collection management that is developed in conjunction with friendly COA
Efficiently
Effect based? (3 + art)
Target taxonomy
CDE
Incorporate IO planner into COA development
The art of targeting seeks to achieve desired effects with the least risk and expenditure of time and resources
Interdisciplinary?
Facilitated through fusion meetings
Fully understanding of available assets
Fully developed collection management
Systematic? Def + 3
Rational and iterative process that methodically analyzes, prioritizes, and assigns assets against targets to achieve those effects…achieving cdr s objectives
Fully developed TVA
Fully developed collection management to include cueing, redundancy, mix and integration
Prioritized HPTL
Directs lethal and non lethal actions to create desired effects
Synchronization of all available assets
Facilitated through fusion meetings
HPTs detected
Non lethal fires
Do our targeting objectives include non lethal fires?
Does the rhythm support non lethal targeting?
Targeting guidance (Def +2 lists)?
Describes the desired effects to be generated by scalable fires, physical attack, and cyber/electromagnetic activities against enemy and adversary operations.
No strike list
Restricted target list
Definition target? FIVE O
Is an entity or object (that performs a function for the enemy) considered for possible engagement or other action.
Facilities, individuals, virtual, equipment, organization
Target characteristics? (5)
Physical Functional Cognitive Environmental Temporal
Physical?
Helps describe the target, generally discernible to the five senses or through sensor derived signatures
Location, shape, size,…
Functional? Def + 3
Describe what the target does and how it does it. Describe the target s function within the greater target system
Target normal or reported activity, target status, functional redundancy, self defense,..
Cognitive?
Describe how the targets process information or exercise control functions. Important to properly assess the critical nodes in the target system.
How the target process info, how the target s decision cycle works, what behavior does the target exhibit
Environmental
Describe the effect of the environment on the target. These characteristics may also affect the methods used to affect or observe them.
Terrain features, denial and deception measures,..dependencies
Temporal?
Describes the target s vulnerability to detection, attack, or other engagement in relation to the time available Time of appearance Dwell time Time to target functionality Identifiable time
Types of targets
Fixed targets
Mobile targets
Human targets
Immediate targets
High value targets
A target the enemy commander requires for the successful completion of the mission
High payoff targets
A target whose loss the enemy will significantly contribute to the success of the friendly course of actions
Two Targeting categories
Deliberate-prosecutes planned targets
Dynamic- targets of opportunity and changes to planned targets or objectives
Targeting scheduling
Scheduled prosecuted at a specific time
On call actions planned but not for specific delivery time
Two types of dynamic targets?
Unplanned-may not have been detected or located in sufficient time to meet planning deadlines
Unanticipated- are unknown or not expected to exist in the operational environment
D3A
Decide
Detect
Deliver
Assess
Decide? (3 + 4 products)
Provides overall focus
Sets priorities for Intel collection and attack planning
Draws heavily on a detailed IPB and continuous assessment of the situation
Products: HPTL, ISR plan, Target selection standards, attack guidance matrix
TSS
Criteria applied to enemy activity and used in deciding whether the activity is a target
- Targets
- Suspected targets
AGM
Is a matrix which addresses which targets will be attacked how, when, and the desired effects; allows a staff to propose the most efficient available optio
Target Value Analysis TVA
The TVA process identifies potential HVT sets associated with critical enemy functions that could interfere with the friendly COA or that are key to enemy success
Target sheets should contain
Target category Target sheet number and title Function Description Signature Degradation effect Some form of graphic representation
Detect
Determines accurate, identifiable, and timely requirements for collection systems
Focus on HPTs and priority intelligence requirements
Who is responsible for directing the effort to detect HPTs?
G2 or S2
Definition of target development
The systematic examination of potential target systems and their components, individual targets, and target elements to determine the necessary type and duration of action that must be exerted…create required effects…cdr s objectives
Intelligence collection vs targeting
Targeting requires working down to the primary source
Establish access Credibility ID specific location ID personality information Timeliness
Targeting requires specificity, Intel collection doesnt
Vetting
Assesses the accuracy of the supporting intelligence to targeting
Establishes a reasonable level of confidence in a candidate target s functional characterization
Validation
Ensures all vetted targets meet the objectives and criteria outlined in the commander s guidance, and ensures compliance with LOW and ROE
Deliver (4)
The function executes the target guidance and supports the commander s battle plan once the HPTs have been located and identified.
Execution of the AGM
Actions must satisfy the attack guidance developed during the decide function
Tactical VS technical decisions
FSCM?
Fire support coordination measure: A measure employed by land or amphibious commander to facilitate rapid engagement of targets and simultaneously provide safeguards for friendly units.
Assess
The determination of the effectiveness of force employment during military operations
Objective of targeting
identifying the resources the enemy can least afford to lose or that provide him with the greatest advantage
