tansfusionreactions Flashcards
what are some common trnasfusion reactions
feteal hydrops, blood transfusion reaction,acute intravascular hemolytic reaction, febrile non hemolytic transfusion reaction.
what is rhogam and when is it used
D antigen most important 85% positive.
what is the significance of autologous and directed donations
giving blood back to yourself, higher rate of receiving blood. More likely to test positive for viral markers, can cause anemia in the patient. They have higher rates of adverse advents 11.8x higher. Autologous donation for yourself directed for a specific patient that is known.
what antigens can cause hemolytic disease of the newborn
D antigen most important 85% positive. Also anti E and anti c are alos and Anti Kell is not a RH that can cause HDN because they are found in precurusors of the blood cells.RH- mom and RH+ child
what is hydrops fetalis
abnormal accumulation of fluid on fetus. Main cause can be RH immunization. Imbalance of lymphatic return and interstitial fluid production. Yellow staining of the basal ganglia kernicterus because of the destruction of all the red blood cells.
what is the most common cause of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
clerical error.
what is acute intravascular hemolytic transfusion reaction
lyis or accelerated cleareance of RBC due to immnologic imcompatibility, common due to clerical error, signs are fever chills back pain infusion site pain hypotension shock hemoglobinuria impending sense of doom. Treated by hydration /diuresis consider early rbc exchange for high volume Incompatible transfusions.
what is the febrile non hemolytic transfusion reaction
most common reaction but has decreased with leukoreduction [filter white cells]. Increased temp of 1 degree or more chills rigors treat with acetminophen not a good premedication.
tell me about hemolysis intravascular compared to extravascular
intravascular schistocytes antibodies. extravascular sherocytes spleen and liver less severe
what is the delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
Occurs 1 day to several weeks after transfusion, leads to extravascular hemolysis. Had an antibody but after time the production had decreased enough that she did not show up right away but was still present.
what is TACO transfusion associated circulatory overload
hydrostatic/pulmonary edema ocuring within 6 hours of transfusion, cirulatory overload treat with diuretics
what is trali transfusion related acute lung injury
most common fatal transfusion reaction. Associated with fever. Acute lung injury after 6 hours of treatment .
what is ARDS
similar to trali but will not get better quickly.
what about allergic reactions to transfuscions
only mild reactions can be restarted. Only cutanous manifestation such as hives. Can use ddiphenhyramine for mild reactions.
tell me about septic transfusion reactions
RBC by gram negative rods like e coli, platelets by gram positve cocci from donors skil staph rigors fever and shock.
