reviewofcancerofheme Flashcards
what are the categories and nomenclature of heme malignancies
broad categories, leukemai starts in the blood forming tissue such as bone marrow. Lymphoma cancer that begin in the cells of the immune system.
differentiate between lymphoid and myeloid malignancies
leukemia white blood neoplasms that are typically involved bone marrow and peripheral blood, lymphoma neoplasma that typically present as masses in lymph nodes or other soft tissue.
describe the nomenclature of acute leukemia
two types AML acute myeloblastic and ALL acute lymphoblastic. For both patient symptoms often due to pancytopenia tumor cells displace or suppress normal blood elements in the bone marrow.
define myeloproliferative diseases and identify clinical and genetic differences among these diseases
tumors involving the granulocytes red blood cells platelets or their progenitors, 1polycythemia vera high RBC levels JAK2 mutation chemo and remove blood, 2primary myelofibrosisJAK2 or MPL fibrosis and atypical megakaryocytes survive 1-8 years, 3essential thormbocythemia JAK2 or MPL mutation overproductionof megakaryocytes many asymptomatic until 50’s, 4chronic myelogenous leukemia BCL ABL kinases, overgrowth of granulocytic and megakary precursors imatinib or stem cell transplant.
describe the major division in classification of lymphomas
hodgkin if it has reed sternber cell [a large cell with two or more nuclei each with large eosiniphilic nucleolus]predictable spread radiation and chemo 69-90% cure rate, if not hodgkin then most common are folicular lymphoma from germinal b cell defective BCL-2 and is indolent, aggressive and very aggressive. Burkit aggressive follicular indolent.
identify key clinical features and laboratory values that allow for differentiation of plasma cell disorders
Aur rod is acute myelogenous leukemia, cytogenetics BCL abl 9-22 translocation chronic myelogenous leukemia, amyloidosis IgGk serum electropherisis, large, diffuse large be cell lymphoma biopsy CD-20 and CD-3, flow cytometry acute promyelocytic leukemia AML M3,
tell me about common diagnostic techniques used for heme malignancy
leukemias with a peripheral blood smear or marrow biopsy, lymphomas with lymph node biopsy, plasma cell neoplasma with bone marrrow biopsy
name some key chomotherapy terms associated with heme malignancies
induction therapy intial treatment given for cancer induce remission, consolidation therapy given after induction to eliminate any undetectable cancer cells reduce relapse, mainteneance therapy once remission achieved goal to maintain the remission and reduce the risk of relapse, adjucant/adjunctive therapy given in addition to the primary therapy to assist with goals, palliative therapy lessons the symptoms and improve the quality of life without curing the disease, salvage therapy treatment given after other therapies have failed.
