Tannin (Peter Constabel) Flashcards
What is the functional definition of a tannin?
A large polyphenol with protein-binding ability.
What two chemical structures are most prominent in tannins?
- Aromatic rings
2. Hydroxyls
How are tannins mostly found present in plants?
As variable and heterogenous mixtures (dimers, oligomers, polymers).
What are the 2 major types of tannins?
- Hydrolyzable
2. Condensed
Where are tannins most commonly found? What is their purpose in plants?
Prominent in trees and forest systems (litter, soil). Have anti-herbivory and antimicrobial effect, as well as being antioxidants.
What is the most abundant “natural product” (secondary metabolite) on the planet?
Tannins.
How have tannins been traditionally used by people?
For tanning leather (prevents bacterial growth and softens).
How are tannins used in alcoholic beverages?
Important for maintaining the flavour and stability of beer and wine in storage.
What are some examples of natural foods containing tannins?
Nuts, grains, lentils, beans, berries, etc.
What 6 foods have the highest tannin concentrations? Which is highest?
- Cinnamon (highest)
- Cocoa
- Persimmon
- Apple
- Blueberry
- Salal
What important health effect has been linked to adequate tannin consumption?
Reduced risk of cardiovascular disease.
Why do we think tannins have positive health effects?
Because they have a positive impact on gut microbiome and may act as strong antioxidants. Can also prevent bacterial adhesion.
Why would adding tannins to the diet of cattle be beneficial?
Because it can improve nitrogen uptake, prevent bloat, and reduce methane emission.
What 2 effects can tannins have on soil?
- Improve nitrogen cycling
2. Protect against metal toxicity
