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PHA 223 > tableting 1+2 > Flashcards

tableting 1+2 Flashcards

1
Q

what are tablets?

A

solid preparations each containing a single dose of one or more active ingredients and obtained by compressing uniform volumes of particles

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2
Q

what is tableting?

A

Compaction of powder or granules using compressive force

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3
Q

what is the drug dose for a single-dose solid oral dosage form for a conventional tablet?

A

dose of drug from 0.1 to 1000 mg

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4
Q

what weight can special tablets such as chewing tablets or effervescent tablets be?

A

up to 2g

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5
Q

what are the two type of tablets?

A

1-single-solid oral dosage form

2- intermediate for film coating

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6
Q

which of the two tablets can have markings for identification?

A

single solid oral dosage form

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7
Q

why are some tablets film coated?

A

for protective reasons- light sensitive, decomposition of drug in stomach acid

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8
Q

what are the types of film coatings?

A
  • enteric coating

- modified release coating

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9
Q

why are tablets popular?

A
  • can be produced from majority of substances
  • dry-stability
  • cheaper
  • high dose content uniformity
  • simple and easy admin- good compliance
  • easy to pack/store/ transport
  • adequate choice of excipients
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10
Q

what are the different types of tablets available?

A 
Conventional tablets
Chewable tablets
Effervescent tablets
Lozenges
Sublingual tablets
Buccal tablets
Controlled release tablets
Fast disintigrating tablets
Liquisolid tablets
Floating tablets
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11
Q

how can tablets be manufactured?

A

enteric tablet press single punch
single die
one pair punches

2- rotary press
- number of dies
set of punches
- 10,000/ min

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12
Q

what are the 3 stages of tableting?

A

Die filling -Flow of the powder, by gravity, from the hopper into the die
Tablet formation-Descending of the upper punch to entre the die -Compression of the powder and formation of tablets
Tablet ejection-The lower punch rises and the tablet is removed from the die

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13
Q

what are the 4 steps to produce a tablet on an eccentric tablet press?

A
  • only upper punch compresses
  • pressure drop from upper to lower punch due to friction
  • per stroke one tablet (or one set for multiple dies)
  • simple filling procedure
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14
Q

what is the general principle of the rotary tablet machine?

A

During compression both punches take part in the powder compaction process

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15
Q

what are the modern machines features?

A

two filling stations-1/2 tablet rotation per tablet
30-60 dies per tablet
-multiple bore dies for smaller tablet sizes
-up to 1 mil tabs per hour

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16
Q

what are the advantages of MR press-coated tablets prep?

A

–separation of incompatible drugs–no application of moisture or heat during coating–extended possibilities for manufacture of modified-release preparations–less variability in disintegration, when enteric press coat–machines require less space–less time and energy consumption

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17
Q

what are the advantages of multi-layer tablets?

A

–easier to produce than press-coated tablets
–separation of incompatible drugs
–manufacture of modified release preparations with various release-rates

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18
Q

what are the disadvantages of multilayer tablets?

A

–granules/powders should have small particle size distribution
–granule size must not be larger than 0.5×layer thickness
–binder must be the same in all layers
–sparse use of lubricant

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19
Q

what are the typical compositin of tablets?

A
  • active component(s)
  • filler/bulking agent
  • binder
  • disintegrant
  • lubricant
  • glidant
  • wetting agent
  • colours and flavours
20
Q

what is the role of diluents for tableting?

A

bulking agents- to fill up the volume/mass / to gain a defined tablet size
some act as binder material

21
Q

what is direct tableting?

A

diluent and drug must have similar particle size and particle size distribution

22
Q

what are the requirements of the diluent if there is an insoluble drug>

A

diluent must be hydrophilic

23
Q

what are some examples of diluents?

A

microcrystalline cellulose, lactose monohydrate, dicalciumphosphate dihydrate, pregelatinised starch

24
Q

what are the role of disintegrates for tableting?

A

to break up tablets into individual granules/particles at contact with water
act mainly by swelling i.e. volume increase due to uptake of moisture. Examples: cross-linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, sodium starch glycollate(insoluble in water)

25
Q

how do disintegrants work?

A 
swelling
capillary (“wicking”) action i.e. providing pathways for moisture penetration into tablet. Examples: colloidal silicium dioxide, pregelatinise dstarch
26
Q

what is a lubricant used for?

A

to reduce friction between powder and tableting tools

27
Q

what is a glidant used for?

A

to increase powder flowability

28
Q

what are typical lubricants?

A

magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearicacid, glyceryl monostearate, hydrogenated cotton seed oil, sodium stearyl fumarate, polyethylene glycol

29
Q

what are typical glidants?

A

glidants: colloidal silicium dioxide, Talcum powder, all lubricants

30
Q

what are examples of anti-sticking agents?

A

glidants, but not lubricants

31
Q

what is diametral compression test?

A

it is the tablets tensile strength

- the way it cracks determines if it passes of fails

32
Q

what is the chewing action?

A

stress on mandibular joints must not exceed 30-40 N

33
Q

What are the threshold values for flexural tensile strength?

A

1

34
Q

what is tablet fraibility?

A

to test mechanical resistance against attrition/abrasion

rotation of tablets in a drum for 4 min (100 revolutions)

35
Q

why do we test the fraibility of a tablet?

A

important for transport, packing and film coating

36
Q

what is the upper limit for film coating?

A

upper limit for film coating 0.5%

37
Q

how do we measure disintigration?

A

break up of tablets at contact with water (37°C), so that all fragments pass a 2 mm aperture sieve
–up and down movement of disintegration basket in water to agitate immersed tablets

38
Q

what is the max disintegration time for conventional tabs?

A

15 min

except for coated/ soluble or effervescent tablets

39
Q

how much of the drug should be dissolved within 45 min of dissolution?

A

70%

40
Q

what are the 3 types of tablet deformation?

A
  • elastic deformation
  • plastic deformation
  • fragmentation
41
Q

what is elastic material deformation?

A

elastic deformation (deformation during and recovery of original shape after compression)

42
Q

what is ductile material deformation?

A

plastic deformation during compression (permanent change in shape)

43
Q

what is brittle materials deformation?

A

deformation and fragmentation during compression (fragments retain their shapes after compression)

44
Q

how do you know what type of material it is from the compressive strength/tensile strength/

A

ductile materials are aprox 2

brittle materials are greater than 1

45
Q

what is the ratio for microcryst. cellulose and lactose monohydrate?

A

microcryst. Cellulose 6.70

Lactose monohydrate 11.27

PHA 223 (42 decks)

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