Tabla MI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metformina?

A

A nivel hepático actúa en el transportador de cationes orgánicos, bloquea la cadena respiratoria de las mitocondrias para disminuir el ATP y aumentar AMP, lo que disminuye la gluconeogénesis hepática.

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2
Q

What are the main effects of Metformina?

A

Disminuye los niveles de glucosa en ayuno y postprandiales, mejora la captación periférica de glucosa, y aumenta la liberación de insulina y su sensibilidad.

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3
Q

What are the common adverse effects of Metformina?

A

Gastrointestinales principalmente: dolor abdominal, flatulencias, distensión abdominal, diarrea.

EA más raros: Acidosis láctica, deficiencia de vitamina B12.

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4
Q

What are the contraindications for Metformina?

A

TFG <30 ml/min, falla cardiaca aguda, inestabilidad hemodinámica, enfermedad hepática aguda.

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5
Q

What are some examples of Metformina brands?

A

Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Ficonax, Dimefor, Glunovag.

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6
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sulfonilureas?

A

Se unen al canal de K+ dependiente de ATP en la subunidad SUR1 en la cel beta, cierran los canales K+, aumentando el ATP y disminuyendo el ADP, lo que causa apertura de los canales de Ca+ y exocitosis de insulina.

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7
Q

What are the main effects of Sulfonilureas?

A

Ayuda a reducir los niveles de glucosa en ayuno y postprandiales a través de mejorar la liberación de insulina.

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8
Q

What are the common adverse effects of Sulfonilureas?

A

Hipoglucemia, ganancia de peso, malestar gastrointestinal, hematológicos, alérgicos.

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9
Q

What are the contraindications for Sulfonilureas?

A

ERC con TFG <30 ml/min, insuficiencia hepática, desnutrición, embarazo y lactancia.

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10
Q

What are some examples of Sulfonilureas brands?

A

Minodiab (glipizida), Diamicron (Gliclazida), Amaryl (Glimepirida), Euglucon (Glibenclamida).

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Glinidas?

A

Mismo que sulfonilureas, pero acción más rápida y duración más corta.

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12
Q

What are the common adverse effects of Glinidas?

A

Hipoglucemia, prurito, urticaria.

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13
Q

What are the contraindications for Glinidas?

A

DM1, CAD, insuficiencia renal y hepática grave.

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14
Q

What are some examples of Glinidas brands?

A

Prandin (Repaglinida), Starlix (Nateglinida).

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15
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Tiazolidinedionas?

A

Unión a PPAR en tejido adiposo bloquean la liberación de ácidos grasos libres, aumentando la sensibilidad a la insulina.

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16
Q

What are the common adverse effects of Tiazolidinedionas?

A

Ganancia de peso, edema, incremento del riesgo de insuficiencia cardiaca.

17
Q

What are the contraindications for Tiazolidinedionas?

A

Embarazo, falla cardiaca, riesgo de fracturas, cáncer de vejiga, DM1, enfermedad hepática activa.

18
Q

What are some examples of Tiazolidinedionas brands?

A

Gliozac (Pioglitazona), Avandia (Rosiglitazona).

19
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Acarbosa?

A

Inhibidor de alfa glucosidasa intestinal, bloquea la absorción de glucosa intestinal.

20
Q

What are the common adverse effects of Acarbosa?

A

Flatulencias, diarrea, dolor abdominal.

21
Q

What are the contraindications for Acarbosa?

A

Intestino irritable, ERC, insuficiencia hepática.

22
Q

What are some examples of Acarbosa brands?

23
Q

What are Análogos de GLP-1?

A

Péptidos que aumentan la liberación de insulina y reducen la secreción de glucagón, retrasan el vaciamiento gástrico y reducen el apetito.

24
Q

What are the common adverse effects of Análogos de GLP-1?

A

GI (n/v, diarrea, dispepsia) que van mejorando con el tiempo.

25
Q

What are the contraindications for Análogos de GLP-1?

A

Cáncer medular de tiroides, antecedentes de pancreatitis.

26
Q

What are some examples of Análogos de GLP-1 brands?

A

Byetta, Lyxumia, Victoza, Bydureon, Epersan, Trulicity, Ozempic.

27
Q

What are Inhibidores de DPP4?

A

Inhibidores de la DPP-4 que aumentan la concentración y vida media de GLP-1.

28
Q

What are the common adverse effects of Inhibidores de DPP4?

A

Rinofaringitis, riesgo de pancreatitis, reacciones de hipersensibilidad.

29
Q

What are some examples of Inhibidores de DPP4 brands?

A

Januvia, Galvus, Saxagliptina, Incresina, Trayenta.

30
Q

What are iSGLT2?

A

Inhiben al cotransportador sodio-glucosa 2, aumentando la excreción renal de glucosa.

31
Q

What are the common adverse effects of iSGLT2?

A

Riesgo de infecciones micóticas genitales, riesgo de cetoacidosis euglucémica, amputaciones.

32
Q

What are the contraindications for iSGLT2?

A

TFG <20 ml/min, CAD previa.

33
Q

What are some examples of iSGLT2 brands?

A

Jardianz, Forxiga, Invokana.

34
Q

What are the types of insulin?

A

Basal (Análoga), Prandial (Análoga), Rápida/Regular.

35
Q

What is the onset of action for Degludec insulin?

36
Q

What is the duration of action for Glargina insulin?

A

20-24 hrs.

37
Q

What is the peak action time for Lispro insulin?

A

45-75 min.

38
Q

What is the duration of action for NPH insulin?

A

12-18 hrs.