T2D EaM

Question 1

Prevalence of T2D

Answer 1

14% of adults have diabetes, over 95% have T2
(WHO, 2024)

Question 2

symptoms of T2D (5)

Answer 2

Weight loss
excessive thirst
constant hunger
headaches
dry mouth

Question 3

3 complications of D

Answer 3

MI
CKD
eye damage.

Question 4

standard NICE 2015 guidelines for T2D

Answer 4

Dietary + lifestyle advice
HbA1c targets
metaformin as first line drug
insulin therapy if needed

Question 5

what % of those who are diabetic meet national PA guidelines

Answer 5

40.2%
(Zhao et al., 2008)

Question 6

effectiveness of PA for T2D (2)

Answer 6

MVPA reduces CV complications and all-cause mortality
(Blomster et al., 2013)
170 min/week improves insulin sensitivity regardless of intensity
(de mello et al., 2022)

Question 7

aerobic, resistance and HIIT effectiveness for T2D (3)

Answer 7

Aerobic and resistance as effective as single dose of metaformin. Combination of these is as effective as 2 doses
Aerobic and resistance associated with reduction in HbA1c + more bigger reduction
(Umpierre et al., 2011)
HIIT better effect on VO2 max than MICT but similar on HbA1c
(de mello et al., 2022)

Question 8

gaps in the research for T2D

Answer 8

Implementation of evidence into real world interventions.

Question 9

Common outcome measures in T2D studies (14)

Answer 9

glucose levels (3.9-10 normal)
HbA1c
insuin sensitivity
beta cell function
body comp
lipid profile
inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, TNF-a),
fitness (VO2max)
BP
function (TUG, 6MWT, STS)
QOL
depression and anxiety
adherance
PA levels (IPAQ)